ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2024
Leukocyte Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Exosomes Restrained Macrophages Viability and Induced Apoptosis, NO Generation, and M1 Polarization.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular vesicles for macrophage reprogramming: an emerging paradigm in immunomodulatory therapeutics.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Review
- The Platelet-Rich Plasma research ecosystem: From mechanistic insights to precision treatment in knee osteoarthritis.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factors in Hair Follicle Growth.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Platelet-Rich Plasma in Cardiovascular Regeneration: Mechanistic Insights, Technological Innovations, and Future Directions.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The evolution of three generations of platelet concentrates products: a leap from classical formulations to the era of extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic refractory wounds refer to wounds that cannot be repaired timely. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has significant potential in chronic wound healing therapy. The exosomes isolated from PRP were proved to exhibit more effectiveness than PRP. However, the therapeutic potential of exosomes from PRP on chronic refractory wounds remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the action of exosomes from PRP on chronic refractory wounds by evaluating the response of macrophages to exosomes.
methodsPure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) and leukocyte platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) were prepared from the fasting venous blood of healthy volunteers. Exosomes were extracted from P-PRP and L-PRP using ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blot. Macrophages were obtained by inducing THP-1 cells with phorbol-12-myristate-13 acetate (PMA). The internalization of exosomes into macrophages was observed utilizing confocal laser scanning microscopy after being labeled with PKH67. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was measured utilizing a flow cytometer. The polarization status of M1 and M2 macrophages were evaluated by detecting their markers. Nitric oxide (NO) detection was conducted using the commercial kit.
resultsExosomes from P-PRP and L-PRP were absorbed by macrophages. Exosomes from L-PRP restrained viability and induced apoptosis of macrophages. Besides, exosomes from P-PRP promoted M2 polarization, and exosomes from L-PRP promoted M1 polarization. Furthermore, exosomes from L-PRP promoted NO generation of macrophages.
conclusionExosomes from L-PRP restrained viability, induced apoptosis and NO generation of macrophages, and promoted M1 polarization, while exosomes from P-PRP increased M2 polarization. The exosomes from L-PRP presented a more effective effect on macrophages than that from P-PRP, making it a promising strategy for chronic refractory wound management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.