Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39545000›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in global women's health2024

What factors influence women's empowerment in Ethiopia? A multilevel analysis of Ethiopia's demographic and health survey data.

Endalkachew Dellie, Misganaw Guadie Tiruneh, Melak Jejaw, Kaleb Assegid Demissie, Mihret Getnet, Tadele Biresaw Belachew, Getachew Teshale, Banchlay Addis, Demiss Mulatu Geberu, Lake Yazachew and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in global women's health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Endalkachew Dellie *Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Misganaw Guadie TirunehDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Melak JejawDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Kaleb Assegid DemissieDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Mihret GetnetDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Tadele Biresaw BelachewDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Getachew TeshaleDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Banchlay AddisDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Demiss Mulatu GeberuDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Lake YazachewDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Tesfahun Zemene TafereDepartment of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Nigusu Worku *Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Women's empowerment has been a global priority, as countries can achieve significant growth and economic development by empowering women. Understanding the individual and community-level factors that influence women's empowerment is crucial for policymakers to develop effective policies and to improve women's empowerment. Method: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 11 administrative regions of Ethiopia. The analysis included a weighted sample of 7,108 married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from the 2,016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the individual and community-level factors associated with women's empowerment. In the final model, significant variables were identified using a Results: The overall magnitude of women's empowerment was 23.7% (95% CI: 22.7-24.7). Only 30.9% of women reported participating in household decision-making, and 32.5% disagreed with all the reasons justifying wife-beating. At individual-level, factors positively associated with women's empowerment included secondary (AOR: 2.72 (1.77-4.23), and higher (AOR: 3.65 (1.81-7.34) education. However, belonging to the Muslim religion was negatively associated with women's empowerment (AOR: 0.63 (0.47-0.85). At the community level, wealthy communities were positively associated with women's empowerment (AOR: 1.60 (1.05-2.44). Conversely, residing in rural areas (AOR: 0.49 (0.29-0.83), and living in the Afar (AOR: 0.35 (0.17-0.70), Amhara (AOR: 0.45 (0.26-0.79), Oromia (AOR: 0.43 (0.26-0.73), South Nation Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP) (AOR: 0.42 (0.24-0.75), and Gambella (AOR: 0.36 (0.20-0.66) regional states were negatively associated with women's empowerment. Conclusion: The overall magnitude of women's empowerment in this study was low. Factors that positively influenced empowerment included attending secondary and higher education, as well as residing in communities with higher wealth status. On the other hand, being Muslim, residing in rural areas, and living in the Afar, Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, Gambella, and Tigray regions were negatively associated with women's empowerment. As a result, the government of Ethiopia needs to design community-based women's empowerment strategies and involve women in income-generation activities that improve their participation in household decision-making to empower them.

Indexed as

decision makingEthiopiajustified wife-beatingmultilevel analysiswomen's empowerment

Identifiers

PMID39545000
PMCPMC11560868

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.