ArticleJOR spine2024
Effect of cigarette smoke exposure and cessation on regional diffusion properties in rat intervertebral discs.
Article in JOR spine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Causal links between multi-domain risk factors and intervertebral disc degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- A Comparison of Cigarette Smoking Effects on Intervertebral Disc Cell Metabolism in a Rat Tissue Model.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Characterizing the Baseline Regional Biphasic Mechanical Properties of Cervical Intervertebral Discs.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Analysis of Nicotine Toxicity and Mechanisms of Senescence in Nucleus Pulposus Cells Using Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking Technique.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Endplate remodeling: a key indicator of cigarette smoke exposure-induced intervertebral disc degeneration in a male rat model.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Review
- Effect of cigarette smoke exposure and cessation on regional diffusion properties in rat intervertebral discs.JOR spine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for orthopedic disorders, particularly intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative disease. However, the IVD pathophysiology, especially the spatial-temporal remodeling progression in the context of cigarette smoking, remains unclear. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap through a quantitative assessment of IVD structural composition and diffusion properties using a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into control and smoke exposure cohorts, each with two sub-groups of six rats. One smoke exposure sub-group was sacrificed after 2 months of daily cigarette smoke exposure in a custom smoking apparatus, while the other was sacrificed after an additional 5 months of smoke cessation. The control groups were age-matched to the smoke exposure groups. A fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique was used to determine solute diffusivities and multi-photon excitation (MPE) imaging was performed to characterize structural changes in the annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and cartilage endplate (CEP). Results: A decrease in diffusivity was observed in the CEP and the AF (radial direction only) after 2 months of smoke exposure. MPE imaging showed aberrant CEP calcification and reduced AF radial collagen fiber bundle diameter, suggesting that the IVD exhibits regionally dependent structural remodeling due to smoke exposure. Furthermore, the smoke cessation group showed deteriorating alterations of structure and diffusivities in all three-disc regions, including the NP, indicating that five-month smoke cessation alone didn't reverse the progression of IVD degenerative remodeling during aging. Conclusion: This study advances the understanding of IVD pathophysiology in the context of cigarette smoke exposure and cessation, laying the groundwork for potential earlier diagnosis and optimized interventions.
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