Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39543137›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

Systematic assessment of the achieved emission reductions of carbon crediting projects.

Benedict S Probst, Malte Toetzke, Andreas Kontoleon, Laura Díaz Anadón, Jan C Minx, Barbara K Haya, Lambert Schneider, Philipp A Trotter, Thales A P West, Annelise Gill-Wiehl and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. China's Low-Carbon Energy Transition Over the Past Two Decades: Experiences and Implications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Policy mix for a low-carbon food system.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Benedict S ProbstNet Zero Lab, Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich, Germany. benedict.probst@ip.mpg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-8938
Malte ToetzkeNet Zero Lab, Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1153-2702
Andreas KontoleonDepartment of Land Economy, Centre for Environment, Energy, and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-898X
Laura Díaz AnadónDepartment of Land Economy, Centre for Environment, Energy, and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-118X
Jan C MinxMercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2862-0178
Barbara K HayaGoldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-3908
Lambert SchneiderÖko-Institut, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5704-0965
Philipp A TrotterSchumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Thales A P WestDepartment of Land Economy, Centre for Environment, Energy, and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-6516
Annelise Gill-WiehlEnergy & Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7903
Volker H HoffmannGroup for Sustainability and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5519-7347

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Carbon markets play an important role in firms' and governments' climate strategies. Carbon crediting mechanisms allow project developers to earn carbon credits through mitigation projects. Several studies have raised concerns about environmental integrity, though a systematic evaluation is missing. We synthesized studies relying on experimental or rigorous observational methods, covering 14 studies on 2346 carbon mitigation projects and 51 studies investigating similar field interventions implemented without issuing carbon credits. The analysis covers one-fifth of the credit volume issued to date, almost 1 billion tons of CO

Identifiers

PMID39543137
PMCPMC11564741

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.