ArticleGenes & genomics2025
Complete chloroplast genomes of three Polygala species and indel marker development for identification of authentic polygalae radix (Polygala tenuifolia).
Article in Genes & genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Complete chloroplast-based analysis reveals the emergence of candidate new species and revised divergence time in Vincetoxicum.Genes & genomics · 2026Article
- Comparative plastid genome analysis of four different variants of Gastrodia elata and development of molecular markers based on plastid DNA sequences.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of Polygala species: insights into evolution, phylogeny, and DNA barcoding.Planta · 2026Article
- Insights into the chloroplast genome diversity of the genus Isatis in China.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn Korea, only Polygala tenuifolia is registered as Polygalae Radix in the pharmacopoeia, while in China, both P. tenuifolia and P. sibirica are used equally. Accurate identification of herbal medicines is crucial for their safety and efficacy, but commercial products are typically sold in dried form, making morphological distinction difficult. Therefore, a quick and accurate method to distinguish P. tenuifolia is necessary for proper utilization of medicinal herb.
objectiveWe aimed to identify specific molecular markers for P. tenuifolia to avoid confusion regarding its pharmacological efficacy and to evaluate the classification of Polygala using plastid phylogenetic data.
methodsWe analyzed the sequences of three species distributed in Korea, P. tenuifolia, P. japonica, and P. sibirica, and assembled their chloroplast genome sequences. Comparative analysis revealed regions of local divergence, and six molecular markers were developed from these hotspots. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the phylogenetic positions of the three Polygala species.
resultsThe marker successfully identified the three Polygala species, and all commercial products and breeding lines tested were confirmed to be P. tenuifolia and recognized as authentic. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. tenuifolia forms a distinct cluster from P. sibirica and P. japonica.
conclusionsWe determined the chloroplast genomes of the three Polygala species and performed phylogenetic tree analysis and marker development. Indel markers were developed to identify the critical herbal species, P. tenuifolia. This comprehensive study of the Polygala chloroplast genome provides useful information for P. tenuifolia identification.
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