SynthesisJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2024
Systematic review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic adverse events.
Synthesis in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Initial symptoms and diagnostic delay in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adrenal insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of case reports.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Knowledge and attitudes of family members of cancer patients towards immunotherapy toxicity and health management.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Type 3 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: What Do We Know So Far?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Multinational pharmacovigilance assessment of drug-associated esophageal ulceration and perforation: evidence from FAERS, JADER, and Canada Vigilance.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Hepatic and Pancreatobiliary Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pancreatitis: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Microbial engraftment and immune regulation during fecal microbiota transplantation and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Esophagitis: Clinical and Endoscopic Presentation, Treatment Outcomes, and Complications.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Desquamating Esophagitis in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Rare Upper Gastrointestinal Manifestation.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Incidence, risk factors, and a predictive nomogram for stoma-site incisional hernia after ileostomy reversal: A retrospective study.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2026Article
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Myokine-mediated mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated colorectal injury and repair in rectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nurse-coordinated biomarker and symptom monitoring for immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Comprehensive safety analysis of the clinical spectrum of adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors based on FAERS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Immune-related colitis complicated byFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From mechanisms to practice: risk management and multidisciplinary decision-making for systemic treatment-related liver injury in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Toward nursing-integrated biomarker surveillance for immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the TRIM15 protein interaction network as a drug target using machine learning in pancreatic cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The Effect of β-D-Glucans of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) on the Development of Myelosuppression and Colitis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Mice.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Nivolumab-Induced Refractory Hemorrhagic Gastritis and Duodenitis Requiring Multimodal Biologic Therapy.ACG case reports journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events (GI irAEs) are common manifestations of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) toxicity. We present a comprehensive systematic review of the incidence, management, and clinical course of irAEs across the entire GI system, including the luminal GI tract, liver, and pancreas. MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Library were used to conduct this review. All studies pertaining to GI irAEs were included. Both abstracts and full manuscripts were eligible if they included human subjects and were written in the English language. Articles not available in English, animal studies, or research not specific to GI toxicity of immunotherapy were excluded. We excluded certain article types depending on whether stronger evidence was available in the literature for a specific toxicity, for example, if prospective studies were available on a topic, retrospective studies and case reports were excluded. We extracted a final 166 articles for our review and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for data reporting. Risk of bias tools were not used to evaluate the extracted studies given the narrative nature of this manuscript, but each study was critically appraised by the manuscript writer. We detail the incidence, presentation, evaluation, management, and outcomes of the various GI toxicities that may arise with ICI therapy. Specifically, we discuss the characteristics of upper GI toxicity (esophagitis and gastroenteritis), lower GI toxicity (colitis), hepatobiliary inflammation, pancreatitis, and rarer forms of GI toxicity. We hope this review serves as a useful and accessible clinical tool that helps physicians familiarize themselves with the nuances of gastrointestinal/hepatic/pancreatic ICI toxicity diagnosis and management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.