ArticlePloS one2024
Carbapenemase-producing bacteria recovered from Nairobi River, Kenya surface water and from nearby anthropogenic and zoonotic sources.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial use and resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Campylobacter species from small-scale poultry farms in Central Kenya.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Asymptomatic faecal carriage of multidrug-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria among inpatients and outpatients in a Kenyan county referral hospital: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Surveillance of CTX-M group 1-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Environmental Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens in Djibouti's Wastewaters.Public health challenges · 2025Article
- Regional Genomic and Phylogenomic Insights into Multidrug and Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains from Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Genomic Insights into Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms Producing New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase in Live Poultry Markets.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Comparison of the recovery of PCR-detectable porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from filter papers under laboratory conditions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Urban wastewater overflows as hotspots for dissemination of bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases in the Suquía River, Argentina.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- One health approach unravels worrying antimicrobial resistance patterns: A cross-sectional study in Kisii, Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) present a significant global public health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa has borne a heavy burden of CRB with a reported prevalence of up to 60% in some patient populations. es in Africa focus on clinical CRB isolates, with limited data on their spread in the natural environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to report the recovery of CRB from Nairobi River surface waters and nearby anthropogenic and zoonotic sources in Nairobi County, Kenya. A total of 336 CRB were recovered from 336 (250 mL) samples, with 230 of the samples (68.5%) producing one or more CRB isolates. CRB were recovered most commonly from untreated sewage influent (100% of 36 samples; 79 total isolates), treated effluent (93% of 118 samples; 116 total isolates), Nairobi River surface waters upstream (100% of 36 samples; 57 total isolates), downstream (100% of 36 samples; 45 total isolates), and way downstream from the wastewater treatment plant (73% of 11 samples; 19 total isolates), slaughterhouse effluent discharges 1.5%, (5/336), animal contact areas 0.9%, (3/336), a manhole sewer from the affluent neighborhood of Karen at 2.7%, (9/336) respectively. The CRB included Escherichia coli (158, 47%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (74, 22%), and Enterobacter spp (43, 13%). Aeromonas spp (29, 9%) Acinetobacter baumannii (12, 3.6%), Citrobacter freundii (7, 2.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5, 1.5%) and other species (8, 2.4%). CRB genotypes included blaNDM (246, 73.2%), blaKPC (40, 12%), blaVIM (51, 15.2%), blaOXA-48-like (65, 19.3%), blaIMP (15, 4.5%), and blaGES (7, 2.1%). Sixty-nine of the CRB isolates (20.5%) harbored multiple carbapenemase-encoding genes. Our results indicate that clinically important CRB are commonly present in Nairobi River surface water and from nearby wastewater and livestock sources. These pose an important public health threat that requires urgent intervention strategies and additional investigation.
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