Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39540961›Full record

Observational studyInflammation2025

Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Inflammatory Biomarker Response with Prognostic Significance after Acute Neuronal Injury - a Prospective Cohort Study.

Antti Sajanti, Santtu Hellström, Carolyn Bennett, Abhinav Srinath, Aditya Jhaveri, Ying Cao, Riikka Takala, Janek Frantzén, Fredrika Koskimäki, Johannes Falter and 12 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Inflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Antti SajantiNeurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, Hämeentie 11, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
Santtu HellströmNeurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, Hämeentie 11, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
Carolyn BennettNeurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Abhinav SrinathNeurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Aditya JhaveriNeurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Ying CaoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
Riikka TakalaPerioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, POB 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
Janek FrantzénNeurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, Hämeentie 11, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
Fredrika KoskimäkiNeurocenter, Acute Stroke Unit, Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
Johannes FalterDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Seán B LyneDepartment of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tomi RantamäkiLaboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jussi P PostiNeurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, Hämeentie 11, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
Susanna RoineNeurocenter, Acute Stroke Unit, Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
Miro JänkäläDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Box 25, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland.
Jukka PuolitaivalDepartment of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Box 25, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland.
Sulo KolehmainenNeuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Romuald GirardNeurovascular Surgery Program, Section of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Melissa RahiNeurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, Hämeentie 11, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
Jaakko RinneNeurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, Hämeentie 11, FI-20521, Turku, Finland.
Eero CastrénNeuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Janne KoskimäkiNeurocenter, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, Hämeentie 11, FI-20521, Turku, Finland. jankosk@utu.fi.

Funding

Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Institutional Research Training Grant (Parent T32)T32HD007009 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI NANCY B SCHWARTZ · 1985 to 2026
$13.0M
NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), ischemic stroke (IS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are severe conditions impacting individuals and society. Identifying reliable prognostic biomarkers for predicting survival or recovery remains a challenge. Soluble urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has gained attention as a potential prognostic biomarker in acute sepsis. This study evaluates suPAR and related neuroinflammatory biomarkers in serum for brain injury prognosis. This prospective study included 31 aSAH, 30 IS, 13 TBI, and three healthy controls (n = 77). Serum samples were collected on average 5.9 days post-injury, analyzing suPAR, IL-1β, cyclophilin A, and TNFα levels using ELISA. Outcomes were assessed 90 days post-injury with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), categorized as favorable (mRS 0-2) or unfavorable (mRS 3-6). Statistical analyses included 2-tailed t-tests, Pearson's correlations, and machine learning linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for biomarker combinations. Elevated suPAR levels were found in brain injury patients compared to controls (p = 0.017). Increased suPAR correlated with unfavorable outcomes (p = 0.0018) and showed prognostic value (AUC = 0.66, p = 0.03). IL-1β levels were higher in the unfavorable group (p = 0.0015). LDA combinatory analysis resulted a fair prognostic accuracy with canonical equation = 0.775[suPAR] + 0.667[IL1-β] (AUC = 0.77, OR 0.296, sensitivity 93.1%, specificity 53.1%, p = 0.0007). No correlation was found between suPAR and CRP or infection status. Elevated suPAR levels in acute brain injury patients were associated with poorer outcomes, highlighting suPAR's potential as a prognostic biomarker across different brain injury types. Combining IL-1β with suPAR improved prognostic accuracy, supporting a multimodal biomarker approach for predicting outcomes.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticIschemic StrokeReceptors, Urokinase Plasminogen ActivatorSubarachnoid HemorrhageAdultAgedBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansInfectionsInflammationInterleukin-1betaMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisBiomarkersIL1B protein, humanInterleukin-1betaReceptors, Urokinase Plasminogen ActivatorBrain injuryHemorrhageInflammationOutcomeStrokeSuPARTBI

Identifiers

PMID39540961
PMCPMC12336084

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.