Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39540669›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied clinical medical physics2025

Surrogate gating strategies for the Elekta Unity MR-Linac gating system.

Samuel D Rusu, Blake R Smith, Joel J St-Aubin, Nathan Shaffer, Daniel Ellis Hyer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied clinical medical physics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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  14. Surrogate gating strategies for the Elekta Unity MR-Linac gating system.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Samuel D RusuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Blake R SmithDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0117-2590
Joel J St-AubinDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-8567
Nathan ShafferDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Daniel Ellis HyerDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy can directly monitor the anatomical positioning of the intended target during treatment with no additional imaging dose. Elekta has recently released its comprehensive motion management (CMM) solution that enables automatic radiation beam-gating on the Unity MR-Linac. Easily visualized targets that are distinct from the surrounding anatomy can be used to drive automatic gating decisions from the MRI cine imaging. However, poorly visualized targets can compromise the tracking and gating capabilities and may require surrogate tracking structures. This work presents strategies to generate robust tracking surrogates for a variety of treatment sites, enabling a wider application of CMM.

methodsSurrogate tracking strategies were developed from a cohort of patients treated using the CMM system on the Unity MR-Linac for treatment sites of the lung, pancreas, liver, and prostate. These sites posed challenging visualization or tracking of the primary target thereby compromising the tracking accuracy. Surrogate structures were developed using site-specific strategies to improve the imaging textured detail within the tracking volume while avoiding the dynamic overwhelming hypo- or hyper-intense anatomical structures. These surrogate volumes were applied within the anatomical positioning monitoring system as a proxy that drove the CMM gating decisions on the treatment unit.

resultsRobust site-specific surrogate structures were developed. Surrogate tracking structures for centrally located thoracic targets were created by expanding the target peripherally away from the heart and great vessels and into the lung. Pancreas surrogates required a vertically expanded column intersecting with the inferior liver edge. For the liver and prostate, surrogate structures consisted of a uniform expansion of the target, with liver surrogates intersecting the proximal liver edge or diaphragm while avoiding nearby ribs.

conclusionThese surrogate strategies have enabled the gating of complex moving targets among different treatment sites at our institution.

Indexed as

Image Processing, Computer-AssistedLiver NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeoplasmsPancreatic NeoplasmsParticle AcceleratorsProstatic NeoplasmsRadiotherapy, Image-GuidedRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedAlgorithmsHumansMaleOrgans at RiskRadiotherapy DosageRadiotherapy, Intensity-ModulatedElekta Unitygatingmotion managementMR linac

Identifiers

PMID39540669
PMCPMC11799906

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.