ArticleIranian journal of basic medical sciences2024
Doxorubicin-loaded NK exosomes enable cytotoxicity against triple-negative breast cancer spheroids.
Article in Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Novel Selective Anticancer Effect of Epididymis-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Against HCC38 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Exosomal nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Drug-Loaded Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery: Advances, Loading Strategies, Therapeutic Applications, and Clinical Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in cancer: biogenesis, oncogenic mechanisms, biomarker potential, and therapeutic applications.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Emerging Cancer Vaccine Platforms.Small science · 2025Review
- Emerging Strategies for Cargo Loading and Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles for Breast Cancer Treatment.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- NK-derived exosomes in anti-tumor strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Current Understanding of the Exosomes and Their Associated Biomolecules in the Glioblastoma Biology, Clinical Treatment, and Diagnosis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Exosomes derived from natural killer cells: transforming immunotherapy for aggressive breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Clinical application of PBMCs in breast cancer: detection, treatment evaluation and prognosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles isolation: a focus on magnetic beads-assisted platforms.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: Natural killer (NK) cells are the most professional innate immune cells that initiate extracellular apoptosis via cytotoxic granules in malignant cells. Antitumoral properties of NK-derived exosomes (Exos) are attributed to their parent cells. Loading drugs into Exos as a carrier can enhance their effect and enable targeted delivery. In the present study, we aim to deliver Doxorubicin (DOX) to the breast cancer spheroids by NK-Exos. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used to harvest NK cells, and NK-Exos were isolated from NK cell expansion medium using an Exo-spinTM kit. DOX was loaded via the ultrasonication method. AO/EtBr, Annexin/PI, DAPI, MTT, and spheroids of human breast cancer were used to track the cytotoxic effect of DOX-NK-Exos. The colony formation assay, scratch and transwell assays, Real-Time PCR for p53 and VEGF-A, and WB for protein expression were also performed. Results: When compared to free DOX, all viability tests validated the inhibitory effects of DOX-NK-Exos. The obtained results indicated that DOX-NK-Exos selectively reduced tumor cell viability and spared fibroblast and MCF-10A as noncancerous cells. Long after spheroid treatment, DOX-NK-Exos' remarkable effect persisted. Conclusion: Human breast carcinoma mass treated with DOX-NK-Exos underwent apoptosis and showed a strong inhibitory effect on proliferation. Thus, they can reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutics and can be used as drug carriers with selective toxicity. Additionally, the additive action of this combination formula results in a more severe loss in cell viability.
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