ArticleBMC pediatrics2024
Early childhood development and its associated factors among children aged 36-59 months in Afghanistan: evidence from the national survey 2022-2023.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of an integrated parenting and nutrition intervention on growth and development in stunted children at 24 months: evidence from the Stepping Stones programme in rural India.BMJ global health · 2026Trial
- Coverage and factors associated with receipt of early newborn postnatal care components in Afghanistan: findings from the 2022-2023 multiple indicator cluster survey.Global health action · 2026Article
- Family ecological influences on early childhood development in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prelacteal feeding practice and its associated factors in Afghanistan: insights from the 2022-2023 multiple indicator cluster survey.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Being on Track for Early Childhood Development in Kinshasa: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The effects of household water, sanitation, and hygiene on early childhood education enrollment: evidence from the 2022 Bangladesh demographic and health survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exclusive breastfeeding practices in Afghanistan: evidence from the 2022-2023 multiple indicator cluster survey.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Factors influencing early initiation of breastfeeding in Afghanistan: secondary analysis of the Afghanistan MICS 2022-23.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Adaptation and Implementation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) Tool in Ethiopia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Minimum acceptable diet and contributing factors among children aged 6-23 months in Afghanistan: insights from the 2022-2023 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with mother and newborn skin-to-skin contact in Afghanistan.PloS one · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the status of early childhood development (ECD) and its associated factors could serve as the basis for future policy efforts and interventions. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the status of ECD and its associated factors among children aged 36-59 months in Afghanistan.
methodsWe used data from the Afghanistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2022-2023 (MICS) to assess ECD status. The outcome variable was a binary measure, indicating whether a child was developmentally on track or not. To explore the associations between ECD status and various explanatory variables, we applied binary logistic regression models, presenting both univariate and multivariate analyses.
resultsAmong the 13,866 children aged 36 to 59 months included in the analysis, 29.95% (95% CI: 29.19-30.72%) were found to be developmentally on track. The likelihood of being developmentally on track was higher in children whose mothers had secondary [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.36 (95%CI 1.04-1.77)] and higher education [1.73 (1.08-2.76)], in children whose fathers had primary [1.32 (1.05-1.67)], secondary [1.40 (1.10-1.79) and higher education [1.60 (1.21-2.11)], and in children belonging to the higher household wealth status [1.46 (1.18-1.82)]. On the other hand, the likelihood of being developmentally on track was lower in children aged 48-59 months [0.35 (0.30-0.40)], in children living in rural areas [0.77 (0.62-0.96)], in children with stunting [0.77 (0.61-0.96)], and in underweight children [0.61 (0.52-0.72)].
conclusionOur findings indicate that 29.95% of children aged 36-59 months in Afghanistan are developmentally on track. Positive associations were found between ECD and higher parental education and household wealth status. However, living in rural areas, underweight and stunted growth were negatively associated with ECD. To improve early childhood development programs in Afghanistan, targeted interventions are needed to address the factors identified in this study.
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