Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39537313›Full record

SynthesisBritish journal of sports medicine2025

Cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nathan R Weeldreyer, Jeison C De Guzman, Craig Paterson, Jason D Allen, Glenn A Gaesser, Siddhartha S Angadi

Registry-linked trialAbstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in British journal of sports medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07108296 (Multi-center Clinical Cohort Study on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tolerance Standards in Chinese Healthy Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07108296 not yet recruitingnot on this map

Multi-center Clinical Cohort Study on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tolerance Standards in Chinese Healthy Population

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorAffiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese MedicineRan2025 to 2027Enrolled4,620ConditionsOxygen Consumption, Cardiorespiratory FitnessArmscardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. RoMa Classification: When the Parts Do Not Equal the Sum.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nathan R Weeldreyer *Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0314-7679
Jeison C De Guzman *Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Craig PatersonPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Jason D AllenDepartment of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Glenn A GaesserCollege of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Siddhartha S AngadiDepartment of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA ssa2w@virginia.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe purpose of this review was to assess the joint relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and Body Mass Index (BMI) on both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality risk.

designA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Pooled HR and 95% CI were calculated using a three-level restricted maximum likelihood estimation random-effects model with robust variance estimation. The reference group was normal weight-fit and was compared with normal weight-unfit, overweight-unfit and fit, and obese-unfit and fit. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and SportDiscus) were searched following registration on PROSPERO. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Articles meeting the following criteria were included: (1) published between January 1980 and February 2023, (2) prospective cohort study, (3) CRF assessed using a maximal or VO

results20 articles were included in the analysis resulting in a total of 398 716 observations. Compared with the reference group, overweight-fit (CVD HR (95% CI): 1.50 (0.82-2.76), all-cause HR: 0.96 (0.61-1.50)) and obese-fit (CVD: 1.62 (0.87-3.01), all-cause: 1.11 (0.88-1.40)) did not have a statistically different risk of mortality. Normal weight-unfit (CVD: 2.04 (1.32-3.14), all-cause: 1.92 (1.43-2.57)), overweight-unfit (CVD: 2.58 (1.48-4.52), all-cause: 1.82 (1.47-2.24)) and obese-unfit (CVD: 3.35 (1.17-9.61), all-cause: 2.04 (1.54-2.71)) demonstrated 2-3-fold greater mortality risks.

conclusionsCRF is a strong predictor of CVD and all-cause mortality and attenuates risks associated with overweight and obesity. These data have implications for public health and risk mitigation strategies.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexCardiorespiratory FitnessCardiovascular DiseasesMortalityExercise TestHumansObesityOverweightCardiovascular DiseasesExerciseHealth promotionRisk factorVO2peak

Identifiers

PMID39537313
PMCPMC11874340

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.