ArticleOphthalmic research2024
Worldwide Burden of Retinoblastoma from 1990 to 2021.
Article in Ophthalmic research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence, mortality, and survival trends of retinoblastoma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Parental and childhood exposures and the risk of retinoblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and germ cell, bone, and soft tissue tumors in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Retinoblastoma research trends from 1980 to 2023: a 44-year bibliometric study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Adherence to Red Reflex and Vision Screening Recommendations: A Deep Dive into Primary Care Implementation Gaps.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Pro-Tumorigenic Signaling Between Small Extracellular Vesicles of Cancer Cells and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells-An In Vitro Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Noncoding RNAs in Pediatric Solid Tumors: Advances in Understanding and Critical Knowledge Gaps.Cells · 2026Review
- Post-translational modifications in retinoblastoma: mechanisms, immune regulation, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Optic Nerve Infiltration in Retinoblastoma: Correlation of Histopathological and MRI Findings in Enucleated Eyes.Cureus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe aim of the study was to report the global, regional, and national burden of retinoblastoma between 1990 and 2021, by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI).
methodsWe leveraged the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study to elucidate the epidemiological landscape of retinoblastoma, encompassing prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 nations and territories spanning the period from 1990 to 2021. The SDI was employed to evaluate the interplay between socioeconomic development and the burden of retinoblastoma.
resultsIn 2021, global estimates unveiled 57,333 prevalent cases of retinoblastoma, yielding 6,274 incident cases, 2,762 deaths, and 243,204 DALYs. Globally, the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALY rates for retinoblastoma in 2021 were 0.86, 0.09, 0.04, and 3.65 per 100,000 population, respectively. Tokelau, Kenya, and Portugal demonstrated the highest age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates of retinoblastoma in 2021. The global prevalence of retinoblastoma peaks among children aged 2-4 years and subsequently declines with increasing age. At the regional level, the correlation between SDI and age-standardized prevalence rates for retinoblastoma manifested a V-shaped pattern.
conclusionsThis comprehensive examination of retinoblastoma epidemiological trends underscores the imperative for heightened vigilance and more efficacious therapeutic interventions, especially within resource-limited environments. The findings accentuate the need for targeted strategies to address the disparate burden of retinoblastoma across diverse socioeconomic landscapes.
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