Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39536116›Full record

ReviewScience translational medicine2024

Translating insights into therapies for Long Covid.

Annukka A R Antar, Andrea L Cox

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Science translational medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Bridging Gaps in Long COVID Therapy: A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Mechanisms of sex differences in acute and long COVID sequelae in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. CROI 2025: Acute and Postacute COVID-19.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Annukka A R AntarDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6775-1103
Andrea L CoxDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9331-2462

Funding

The development and pre-clinical assessment of novel HCV vaccines to generate T and B cell immunityU19AI159822 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI COX, ANDREA L · 2021 to 2025
$14.4M
Virology Resource CoreU54CA260492 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI COX, ANDREA L, KLEIN, SABRA L. · 2020 to 2024
$10.4M
The HIV Latent Reservoir, Suboptimal Immune Response on Antiretroviral Therapy, and Exogenous Cytokine TherapiesK08AI143391 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ANTAR, ANNUKKA AIDA ROSE · 2019 to 2023
$994k
NCI NIH HHS U54 CA260492NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI143391NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI159822
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long Covid is defined by a wide range of symptoms that persist after the acute phase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Commonly reported symptoms include fatigue, weakness, postexertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction, with many other symptoms reported. Symptom range, duration, and severity are highly variable and partially overlap with symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and other post-acute infectious syndromes, highlighting opportunities to define shared mechanisms of pathogenesis. Potential mechanisms of Long Covid are diverse, including persistence of viral reservoirs, dysregulated immune responses, direct viral damage of tissues targeted by SARS-CoV-2, inflammation driven by reactivation of latent viral infections, vascular endothelium activation or dysfunction, and subsequent thromboinflammation, autoimmunity, metabolic derangements, microglial activation, and microbiota dysbiosis. The heterogeneity of symptoms and baseline characteristics of people with Long Covid, as well as the varying states of immunity and therapies given at the time of acute infection, have made etiologies of Long Covid difficult to determine. Here, we examine progress on preclinical models for Long Covid and review progress being made in clinical trials, highlighting the need for large human studies and further development of models to better understand Long Covid. Such studies will inform clinical trials that will define treatments to benefit those living with this condition.

Indexed as

COVID-19Post-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSARS-CoV-2AnimalsHumansTranslational Research, Biomedical

Identifiers

PMID39536116
PMCPMC12173445

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.