ArticlePloS one2024
Age at diagnosis of diabetes, obesity, and the risk of dementia among adult patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- GLP-1 at the Metabolic-Cognitive Interface: Reward, Affect, and Memory.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Cognitive decline in U.S. military veterans: risk factors and clinical implications.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundWhile Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is increasing among younger individuals, few studies have examined how age at T2DM diagnosis relates to dementia risk in diabetic populations. We aimed to investigate the association between age at T2DM diagnosis and subsequent dementia risk, and to determine whether obesity moderates this relationship.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2002-2016) matched with its 2003 Diabetes Mail-Out Survey. The study included 1,213 dementia-free adults aged ≥50 with diagnosed T2DM. Primary exposures were age at T2DM diagnosis (categorized as <50, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥70 years) and obesity status (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The outcome was incident dementia, assessed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, health status, and diabetes medication use.
resultsOver a median follow-up of 10 (interquartile range, 6-14) years, 216 (17.8%) participants developed dementia. Compared to participants diagnosed with T2DM at age ≥70 years, those diagnosed at younger ages had increased dementia risk: HR 1.70 (95% CI, 1.03-2.80) for 60-69 years, 1.72 (95% CI, 1.06-2.79) for 50-59 years, and 1.90 (95% CI, 1.14-3.18) for <50 years. Obesity significantly moderated this relationship, with obese individuals diagnosed with T2DM before age 50 showing the highest dementia risk (HR 3.05; 95% CI 1.23-7.56) compared to non-obese individuals diagnosed at ≥50 years.
conclusionsYounger age at diagnosis of T2DM was significantly associated with a higher risk of dementia, particularly among individuals with obesity. Interventions specifically targeting obesity may be more effective in preventing dementia for adults with a younger onset of T2DM.
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