ArticleCureus2024
Comparing the Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Ketorolac and Tramadol After Open Inguinal Hernia Mesh Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Opioids are the mainstay for postoperative pain control. However, due to the increasing dependence on opioids and their side effects, multiple adjuncts are used to reduce opioid consumption, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common procedures performed by general surgeons worldwide. Despite various advancements in operative techniques, postoperative pain remains a major risk factor for morbidity and delayed hospital discharge following surgery. Objective The objective of this study was to compare ketorolac with tramadol for postoperative pain control following open inguinal hernia mesh repair. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients undergoing unilateral primary open inguinal hernia repair with mesh were randomly divided into two groups: Group A received injection ketorolac intravenously postoperatively, while Group B received injection tramadol intravenously following surgery. Pain scores and vitals were measured at two, six, 12, and 24 hours post procedure. Other secondary outcomes included the time for nausea to stop, time to pass flatus, and time to start ambulation. Data was analyzed by independent-sample t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 30.0 (Release 2024; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States); a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Pain scores were lower in the ketorolac group when compared to tramadol. However, patients in the tramadol group had nausea for a longer duration, delayed return of bowel function, and took longer to start ambulation. There was no significant difference in vitals. Conclusion Injection ketorolac, when used in isolation, provides more effective postoperative analgesia along with fewer side effects when compared to tramadol in inguinal hernia repair.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.