ArticleBMC infectious diseases2024
An epidemiologic surveillance study based on wastewater and respiratory specimens reveals influenza a virus prevalence and mutations in Taiyuan, China during 2023-2024.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical and genomic characterization of Influenza A co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza B: a respiratory surveillance study in Assam, India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Immunoproteomics for wastewater-based health surveillance: A review.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2025Review
- Methodic aspects of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus detection in raw wastewater and presence in treatment plants in southeastern Germany.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of Epidemiological and Evolutionary Characteristics of Seasonal Influenza Viruses in Shenzhen City from 2018 to 2024.Viruses · 2025Article
- One-Year Monitoring of the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants Through Wastewater Analysis (Central Italy, August 2023-July 2024).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic characterization of the respiratory tract viruses in Jilin, Northeast China, 2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most important pathogens causing influenza and often causes global pandemics due to its tendency to mutate. We aim to use epidemiology based on wastewater and respiratory specimens to understand the occurrence of influenza A virus infections in Taiyuan City.
methodsA retrospective epidemiology surveillance was carried out at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (FHSMU) and five wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) in Taiyuan city from 2023 to 2024. Reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect influenza A viruses in wastewater and respiratory specimens. High-throughput whole genome sequencing was performed on 17 strains obtained in this study, and subsequent analyses included characterization, phylogenetic construction, amino acid mutation analysis, and antigenic structural variability assessment.
results520 wastewater samples and 1,203 throat swab samples were collected. We detected RNA concentration from pH1N1 and H3N2 viruses in wastewater and got 17 genome sequences (5 of pH1N1 and 12 of H3N2) in respiratory specimens. Whole-genome sequencing showed co-prevalence of pH1N1 viruses in the branches of 6B.1 A.5a.2a.1 and H3N2 viruses in the branches of 3 C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.a in Taiyuan from 2023 to 2024. Moreover, a HA mutation (N138D), predicted to be of high phenotypic consequence, was found in 8 Taiyuan H3N2 sequences.
conclusionThis study highlights the predominant presence of pH1N1 and H3N2 strains in Taiyuan. The analysis also identified amino acid site variations in the HA antigenic epitopes in H3N2 strains, which may contribute to immune escape.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.