Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39532736›Full record

SynthesisSurgical endoscopy2025

Augmented reality for basic skills training in laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jian Xiong, Xiaoqin Dai, Yuyang Zhang, Xingchao Liu, Xiyuan Zhou

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Surgical endoscopy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jian Xiong *Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology. No. 32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoqin Dai *Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.
Yuyang ZhangMedical College of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Xingchao LiuClinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology. No.32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. liuxingchao@med.uestc.edu.cn.
Xiyuan ZhouInstitute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology. No. 32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. zhouxiyuan@med.uestc.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-3125-4700

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAugmented reality (AR) has emerged as a transformative technology in medical education, particularly in training basic laparoscopic skills. Despite its growing applications, the effectiveness of AR in this specific domain remains underexplored, with a lack of standardized assessment frameworks and inconsistent methodologies across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AR in laparoscopic basic skills training for medical students and junior physicians.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies were selected based on their focus on AR applications in laparoscopic training, involving both randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies. Inclusion criteria focused on medical students and novice surgeons, assessing educational outcomes such as Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) Global, Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) Global, OSATS Specific, Training Time, and Subjective Workload.

resultsA total of 12 studies involving 434 participants met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that AR technology significantly improved educational outcomes, with participants achieving higher GOALS and OSATS scores. Specifically, the mean difference for GOALS scores was 2.40 points (95% CI [1.30, 3.50], p < 0.001) and for OSATS scores, 7.71 points (95% CI [3.39, 12.03], p < 0.001). Additionally, AR-assisted training showed a reduction in subjective workload, with a mean decrease of 2.95 points (95% CI [- 4.95, - 0.95], p = 0.003).

conclusionsThe findings indicate that AR significantly enhances laparoscopic training outcomes, facilitating improved technical skills, efficiency, and learner independence. However, variability in study designs and outcomes limits generalizability. Future research should focus on standardize AR training protocols and evaluate long-term effectiveness to fully leverage AR's potential in surgical education.

Indexed as

Augmented RealityLaparoscopySimulation TrainingClinical CompetenceHumansAugmented realityLaparoscopic trainingMedical educationMeta-analysisSurgical skillsSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID39532736
PMCPMC11666776

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.