ArticleFamily practice2025
Impact of a multifaceted intervention programme on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing in four patient-centred settings in five European countries. The HAPPY PATIENT project.
Article in Family practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Symptoms associated with urinary tract infection in nursing home residents: a study among nursing home staff across eight European countries.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Second audit of the Happy Patient project: impact of training on the dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacies in Spain.Farmaceuticos comunitarios · 2026Article
- Exploring the association of antibiotic consumption on resistance: evidence from Catalonia (Spain) using a threshold regression approach.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Effect of a multifaceted intervention on potentially unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in general practice, out-of-hours services, and nursing homes in Spain.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025Article
- Duration of antibiotic treatment for respiratory tract infections in primary care.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe primary cause of antimicrobial resistance is excessive and non-indicated antibiotic use.
aimTo evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention aimed at various healthcare professionals (HCPs) on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing for common infections. DESIGN AND
settingBefore-and-after study set in general practice, out-of-hours services, nursing homes, and community pharmacies in France, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Spain.
methodsFollowing the Audit Project Odense method, HCPs from these four settings self-registered encounters with patients related to antibiotic prescribing and dispensing before and after an intervention (February-April 2022 and February-April 2023). Prior to the second registration, the HCPs undertook a multifaceted intervention, which included reviewing and discussing feedback on the first registration's results, enhancing communication skills, and providing communication tools. Indicators to identify potentially unnecessary prescriptions and non-first-line antibiotic choices were developed, and the results of the two registrations were compared.
resultsA total of 345 HCPs registered 10 744 infections in the first registration period and 10 207 infections in the second period. In general practice, participants showed a significant 9.8% reduction in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in the second period, whereas limited or no effect was observed in out-of-hours services and nursing homes (0.8% reduction and 4.5% increase, respectively). Pharmacies demonstrated an 18% increase in safety checks, and correct advice in pharmacies rose by 17%.
conclusionExternal factors like COVID-19, antibiotic shortages, and a streptococcal epidemic impacted the intervention's benefits. Despite this, the intervention successfully improved antibiotic use in both settings.
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Registered trials
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