ArticleFrontiers in public health2024
Social health gradient and risk factors among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and pre-pandemic respiratory infections. A linked national individual case-control study in Belgium.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retrospective analysis of preventable procedural adverse events (ICD-10 Y62-Y69) in the TriNetX network: a multiregional study before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.BMJ quality & safety · 2026Article
- Post-acute healthcare expenditure following COVID-19 hospitalization and associated social inequalities in Belgium: a matched cohort study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: The literature establishes a clear social gradient in health for transmissible respiratory diseases. However, this gradient's extent remains largely unexplored in the context of COVID-19, and it is uncertain whether the pandemic has exacerbated this gradient. The study aims to compare the socio-economic profiles and comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic with a control population affected by viral pneumonia/respiratory disease in 2019. Methods: This case-control study analyzed linked data from all patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in 2020 ( Results: A social health gradient was observed in both the COVID-19 and control groups, with a significant increase across waves for COVID-19 (p-trend < 0.0001). Men, people over the age of 45, those with comorbidities, high population density, lower income, lower socio-economic status, and people living in Brussels capital were at higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and longer length of stay compared to the control group. Except for sub-Saharan Africans, all patients of foreign nationality had a significantly increased risk of hospitalization ( Conclusion: The socio-health gradient for COVID-19 followed the same pattern as that observed in pre-pandemic respiratory diseases, intensifying in the second wave and among the most deprived groups. This study emphasizes the importance of collecting social data alongside clinical data for a better understanding of social health inequalities and for tailoring health prevention policies.
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