Trial reportJournal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs2024
HPV16/18 antibodies 16-years after single dose of bivalent HPV vaccination: Costa Rica HPV vaccine trial.
Trial report in Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP): Recommended Immunization Schedule (2025) and Update on Immunization for Children Aged 0 Through 18 Years.Indian pediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Efficacy and durability of immediate versus delayed single-dose HPV vaccination for persistent infection among young women in Kenya: a randomized, blinded, cross-over clinical trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and type 18 antibody concentrations after a single dose of bivalent HPV vaccine in girls aged 9-14 years compared with three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in women aged 18-25 years in Costa Rica (PRIMAVERA): a non-randomised, open-label, immunobridging, non-inferiority trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- [Vaccine prevention of HPV-associated diseases].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Integrating Cervical Cancer Prevention into HIV Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Review Addressing the Dual Burden Among Women.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Exceeding expectations: factors contributing to the potency of human papillomavirus vaccines.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Review
- Cost-effectiveness and health impact of gender-neutral and single-dose HPV vaccination in Hong Kong: a modeling analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Reconsidering serological strategies for HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer screening.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Single-dose HPV vaccination in the United States - a multi-modeling analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Extended follow-up of invasive cervical cancer risk after quadrivalent HPV vaccination: nationwide, register based study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
- Plasmablast, memory B cell and T follicular helper cell responses after human papillomavirus vaccination: effect of dose number and age.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Immune Responses to Human Papillomavirus After Infection and Vaccination.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of an HPV16-L1 antibody rapid test for oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis: diagnostic accuracy and challenges in real-world settings.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity of one and two doses of Gardasil®9 in Tanzanian girls in the DoRIS Trial.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Immunopersistence of one or two doses of an Escherichia coli produced bivalent HPV vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- A modular vaccine platform merging the rapid development of genetic vaccines with the immunogenicity of virus-like particles.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Ranking the most efficient human papillomavirus vaccination strategies in low-income and lower-middle income countries: a mathematical modelling analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Article
- Memory B-cells elicited by different HPV vaccine regimens in the DoRIS randomised controlled trial.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Human papillomavirus genotype-specific prevalence and infection risks: a 10-year population-based study from the United States.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Immune responses to human papillomavirus infection and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial provided initial evidence that 1 dose of the bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine induces stabilizing antibody levels that may provide extended protection against HPV-16/18 infections. We report antibody seropositivity and stability 11 to 16 years after vaccination.
methodsWe invited a random subset of Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial participants (n = 398) who had received 3 doses and all women (n = 203) who had received 1 dose at 18 to 25 years of age to follow-up visits 11, 14, and 16 years after vaccination. We calculated HPV-16 and HPV-18 seropositivity and assessed change in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody levels 11 to 16 years after vaccination among 500 participants.
resultsBy year 16, 99.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 96.8% to 100.0%) and 100.0% (95% CI = 98.9% to 100.0%) of 1-dose and 3-dose recipients, respectively, were HPV-16 seropositive and 98.8% (95% CI = 95.9% to 99.9%) and 100% (95% CI = 98.9% to 100.0%) of 1-dose and 3-dose recipients, respectively, were HPV-18 seropositive. Between years 11 and 16, women who had received 3 doses had a small but statistically significant decrease in the geometric mean concentration for HPV-16 of ‒12.4% (95% CI = ‒16.3% to ‒8.4%) and HPV-18 of ‒13.4% (95% CI = ‒17.2% to ‒9.4%). Among women who had received 1 dose, the decrease was statistically significant for HPV-16 at ‒8.9 (95% CI = ‒14.2% to ‒3.1%) but nonsignificant for HPV-18. Geometric mean concentration ratios of 3:1 dose (year 16) were 3.0 and 2.2 for HPV-16 and HPV-18, respectively.
conclusionsHPV-16/18 seropositivity remained exceedingly high 16 years after vaccination. Over 5 years, small declines in antibodies were observed. Women should have protection for at least 20 years and likely much longer at the observed rate of decline.
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