Trial reportJournal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs2024
A prospective cohort study comparing efficacy of 1 dose of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to 2 and 3 doses at an average follow up of 12 years postvaccination.
Trial report in Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP): Recommended Immunization Schedule (2025) and Update on Immunization for Children Aged 0 Through 18 Years.Indian pediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Immunogenicity and safety of an Escherichia coli-produced bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (Cecolin) in girls aged 9-14 years in Ghana and Bangladesh: a randomised, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Protection Against Persistent HPV-16/18 Infection After Different Number of Doses of Quadrivalent Vaccine in Girls and Young Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- The effect of HPV vaccination on precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer in a low-vaccination-coverage setting in Germany: a retrospective cohort analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness and health impact of gender-neutral and single-dose HPV vaccination in Hong Kong: a modeling analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- HPV Vaccination: A Transformative Step Towards Eliminating Cervical Cancer in India.Indian pediatrics · 2026Article
- From evidence to action: the IARC's role in strengthening cancer prevention and early detection.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2026Review
- Single-dose HPV vaccination in the United States - a multi-modeling analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Extended follow-up of invasive cervical cancer risk after quadrivalent HPV vaccination: nationwide, register based study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity of one and two doses of Gardasil®9 in Tanzanian girls in the DoRIS Trial.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Prevalence and genotypic characterization of human papillomavirus in Iraqi women: a retrospective study of 2,193 cases.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Ranking the most efficient human papillomavirus vaccination strategies in low-income and lower-middle income countries: a mathematical modelling analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Article
- FIGO position statement on the effectiveness and safety of the HPV vaccine.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- Cancer of the cervix uteri: 2025 update.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Review
- Immunogenicity comparison of anThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- The Rehabilitation of a Patient with Acute Transverse Myelitis After HPV Vaccination-A Case Report.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Population-Level Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination on the Incidence of Genital Warts in Sweden.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Population-level impact of switching to 1-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in high-income countries: examining uncertainties using mathematical modeling.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024Article
- Population-level health impact of hypothetical waning 1-dose human papillomavirus vaccination and 2-dose mitigation strategies in a high cervical cancer burden setting.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccine use in clinical practice - What dermatologists should know as health care providers.Indian journal of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDSReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile recommending a human papillomavirus (HPV) single-dose vaccination schedule in 2022, the World Health Organization highlighted the need for long-term follow-up studies to monitor waning of protection. We report on vaccine efficacy against HPV infections in 1-, 2-, and 3-dose schedules and protection against cervical precancers at a median follow-up of 12 years postvaccination.
methodsThis randomized multicenter study in India was originally designed to vaccinate unmarried girls aged 10-18 years with either 2 or 3 doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine. A ministerial decree to halt vaccination in trials resulted in the creation of cohorts receiving different doses, including just a single dose. Cohorts were assessed for incident and persistent infections by genotyping cervical samples collected yearly for 4 consecutive years after participants were married. Cervical screening with an HPV test was initiated at age 25 years for married participants. Age- and site-matched unvaccinated married women were recruited to be compared with vaccinated cohorts. Vaccine efficacy was assessed using proportional incidence ratios.
resultsThe number of participants in the 1-, 2- (at 0 and 6 months), and 3-dose cohorts was 4949, 4980, and 4348, respectively. Of the recipients, 71%-82% in the different cohorts were eligible to provide samples for genotyping. Vaccine efficacy against persistent HPV 16 and 18 infection was 92.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 87.0% to 95.0%) in 3022 recipients of the single dose; and comparable with that observed in the 2-dose arm (94.8%, 95% CI = 90.0% to 97.3%) and the 3-dose arm (95.3%, 95% CI = 90.9% to 97.5%). No high-grade precancer associated with HPV 16 and 18 was detected among vaccinated participants compared with 8 precancers detected among the unvaccinated women.
conclusionThis observational cohort study has established that a single dose of HPV vaccine provides high protective efficacy against persistent HPV 16 and 18 infections and associated neoplasia 15 years postvaccination.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.