Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39529400›Full record

ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2025

Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among California Adolescents Before and Immediately After a Statewide Flavor Ban.

Benjamin W Chaffee, Candice D Donaldson, Elizabeth T Couch, Claudia Guerra Castillo, Omara Farooq, Nancy F Cheng, Niloufar Ameli, Monica L Wilkinson, Stuart A Gansky, Xueying Zhang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. A systematic review investigating policy design and implementation of US state and local policy to restrict the sale of flavored tobacco products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Restricting E-Cigarette Flavour Names to Reduce Youth Appeal: An Analysis of New Zealand's 2024 Regulations.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. College Students' Awareness of California's Law Prohibiting Sales of Flavored Tobacco.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. From Menthol Cigarettes to Flavored Hookah: The Urgent Need for Stronger Policies.Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Benjamin W ChaffeeCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2046-4035
Candice D DonaldsonCalifornia Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Branch, Sacramento, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2221-0485
Elizabeth T CouchCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Claudia Guerra CastilloCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Omara FarooqCalifornia Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Branch, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Nancy F ChengDivision of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Niloufar AmeliCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Monica L WilkinsonCalifornia Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Branch, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Stuart A GanskyCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Xueying ZhangCalifornia Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, California Tobacco Control Branch, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Kristin S HoeftCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001872 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI COLLARD, HAROLD R, JACOBY, VANESSA · 2016 to 2025
$112.1M
PROJECT 5: IMPACT OF CHANGING TOBACCO PRODUCT USE ON HEALTHCARE COSTS FOR GENERAL AND VULNERABLE POPULATIONSU54HL147127 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LING, PAMELA MAY · 2018 to 2022
$20.4M
California Department of Public Health CDPH-20-10026California Department of Public Health CDPH-23-10363NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001872NHLBI NIH HHS U54 HL147127NIH HHS U54 HL147127NIH HHS UL1 TR001872
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn December 2022, a California law banned the retail sale of most flavored tobacco products (including e-cigarettes). This investigation evaluates adolescents' use of flavored tobacco before and after enactment. AIMS AND

methodsThe Teens Nicotine and Tobacco Project included online surveys of California adolescents (age 12-17) in 2022 (N = 5127) and 2023 (N = 5015) that assessed past 30-day use of various tobacco products, flavored product use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes. Eight focus groups conducted in 2023 and 2024 (total N = 35) queried flavored tobacco experiences and perceptions.

resultsAmong participants who used specific products, the prevalence of flavored product use declined for cigarettes (2022: 72.0%; 2023: 57.2%), cigars (2022: 87.2%; 2023: 67.4%), and smokeless tobacco (2022: 93.1%; 2023: 83.1%) but not for e-cigarettes (2022: 91.0%; 2023: 90.7%) or hookah (2022: 88.1%; 2023: 85.6%; the flavor law exempted some hookah sales). In 2023, 10.2% of all participants used any flavored tobacco product (2022: 10.0%), primarily flavored e-cigarettes (2022: 8.6%; 2023: 8.8%). In 2023, 22.0% of all participants were aware of the statewide flavor ban, including 44.1% of participants who reported tobacco use. Few focus group participants were aware of the statewide law or perceived difficulties accessing flavored e-cigarettes.

conclusionsShortly following a statewide flavor ban, adolescent use of flavored cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco declined, but flavored e-cigarette use was unchanged. More time for implementation and enforcement may be needed to see full policy impact. IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that a statewide flavored tobacco policy in California was followed shortly by declines in adolescent use of some flavored tobacco products. Additional time for implementation and enforcement, along with potential further actions, such as greater restrictions on online sales, could be necessary to curb youth access to flavored e-cigarettes.

Indexed as

Flavoring AgentsTobacco ProductsTobacco UseAdolescentCaliforniaChildCommerceElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesTobacco, SmokelessVapingFlavoring Agents

Identifiers

PMID39529400
PMCPMC12095798

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.