Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39529028›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2024

Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis and attributable risk factors for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases 2021 study.

Huafei Yang, Xinyi Ruan, Wanyue Li, Jun Xiong, Yuxin Zheng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
67citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

67 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Huafei Yang *School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
Xinyi Ruan *School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
Wanyue LiSchool of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
Jun XiongSchool of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China. cfqy1978@hotmail.com.
Yuxin ZhengSchool of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat. Despite ongoing efforts to control and eradicate TB, various factors including socioeconomic issues, policy modifications, and unexpected public health crises like COVID-19 pandemic have posed new obstacles to achieving TB elimination. This study aims to analyze the changes in global tuberculosis burden over the past 32 years, and provide scientific support for global initiatives targeting the eradication of TB in the post-pandemic period.

methodsThe data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, with age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), mortality rate (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as the primary assessment indicators. Dynamic changes in the TB burden were analyzed by estimating the annual percentage changes (EAPCs). The attributable ratios of six main risk factors to TB burden were calculated, and the correlation between the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and the TB burden was analyzed using Pearson correlation tests.

resultsThe global TB incidence decreased from 8.6 million cases in 1990 to 8.4 million cases in 2021, with a corresponding decline in deaths. However, the TB burden remains higher among men than women. The highest incidence and mortality rates were observed in the age group of 15-69 years, with a notable gender disparity, especially in Eastern Europe. These rates were generally elevated in low-income and lower-middle-income regions, with significantly higher Age-Standardized Incidence Rates and Age-Standardized Death Rates in males compared to females. A significant negative correlation was found between SDI values and TB burden. Analyzing risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease study, it was determined that globally, dietary risks, high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, low physical activity, tobacco, and alcohol use were the main contributors to TB age-standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years, with tobacco and alcohol use having the most significant impact. Analysis of risk factors suggests that tailored public health interventions for specific genders and regions can effectively lessen the TB burden.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthTuberculosisAdolescentAdultAgedCOVID-19Disability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsYoung AdultDisease burdenPost-pandemic periodPreventive strategiesSocio-demographic factorSystematic analysisTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID39529028
PMCPMC11552311

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.