ArticleArchives of osteoporosis2024
Total, dietary, and supplemental calcium intake and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among U.S. adults: a prospective cohort study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Article in Archives of osteoporosis, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Consumer Interest in Alternative Grains, Especially Sorghum: A Qualitative Investigation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association Between Soil Patterns and Mortality with Distinct Types of Cancers and CVD Across the USA.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Can Different Fermentation Boxes Improve the Nutritional Composition and the Antioxidant Activity of Fermented and Dried Floodplain Cocoa Beans in the Brazilian Amazon?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Calcium intake is widely recommended, but its association with mortality remains unclear. This study indicated higher levels of calcium intake were associated with lower mortality in American adults. However, a nonlinear association between calcium intake and mortality suggested that excessive calcium intake beyond a certain threshold may increase mortality risk. PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the association of total, dietary, or supplemental calcium intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in American adults.
methodsThis prospective cohort study used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2018. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on calcium intake. Risks of all-cause, cancer, or cardiovascular mortality and the dose-response relationship were estimated using weighted Cox proportional hazard regression and restricted cubic splines, with adjustments for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and dietary data.
resultsIn total, 6172 participants were included (median age: 61 years), and 869 had died (CVD:217, cancer:224) during a median follow-up of 81 months. After adjusting for confounders, higher total calcium(≥ 1660mg/d) [HR, 95%CI: 0.867 (0.865-0.869)], dietary calcium(≥ 1075mg/d) [HR, 95%CI: 0.711 (0.709-0.713)], and supplemental calcium (≥ 600mg/d) [HR, 95%CI: 0.786 (0.784-0.787)] intake groups were associated with lower all-cause mortality risk compared to the lowest intake group. Similar beneficial associations were found for cardiovascular, cancer mortality, and across subgroups of various ages, genders, races and body mass indexes. In the dose-response analysis, a 'J-shaped' nonlinear relationship was observed between calcium intake and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality.
conclusionsHigher levels of total, dietary, or supplemental calcium were associated with lower all-cause, cardiovascular, or cancer mortality. However, a nonlinear association between calcium intake and mortality suggested that excessive calcium intake beyond a certain threshold may increase mortality risk.
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