Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39527888›Full record

ArticleVaccine2025

Modification and validation of a vaccine hesitancy scale for adolescent COVID-19 vaccination.

Annette K Regan, Marie-Claude Couture, Timothy Callaghan, Brianna Agnew, Jillian Baker, Onyebuchi A Arah

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Annette K ReganDivision of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Practical Causal Inference Lab, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: annette.k.regan@kp.org.
Marie-Claude CoutureSchool of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Timothy CallaghanBoston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Brianna AgnewSchool of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jillian BakerCenter for Parent and Teen Communication, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Onyebuchi A ArahDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Practical Causal Inference Lab, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Statistics & Data Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

Scientific and Technical CoreP2CHD041022 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HIRAM BELTRAN-SANCHEZ · 2016 to 2026
$6.9M
Evaluating Teen-Parent Dynamics in Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and UptakeR21HD109536 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO · PI REGAN, ANNETTE KARENA · 2022 to 2023
$367k
NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041022NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD109536
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVaccine hesitancy is an urgent public health threat. While tools have been developed to monitor vaccine hesitancy among parents and the general adult population, no such tool exists for adolescents.

methodsWe modified an existing adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale to create a teen COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (tVHS-COVID) for adolescents and their parents. To validate our scale, we conducted a nationally representative survey of 764 parent-teen dyads. We performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the factor structure followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure validity using two random subsets. We evaluated internal consistency by Cronbach alpha values and construct validity by comparing tVHS-COVID scores to intention to receive future COVID-19 doses.

resultsEFA suggested a three-factor structure with 13-items. CFA indicated good fit for adolescents (CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = 0.023; SRMR = 0.062; NNFI-TLI = 0.998) and for parents (CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.031; SRMR = 0.028; NNFI-TLI = 1.00). Internal consistency exceeded 0.79 for adolescents and 0.78 for parents. As tVHS-COVID scores increased, the percent of adolescent and parent respondents who reported they were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine decreased. DISCUSSION: The tVHS-COVID offers a unique tool that can be used to monitor COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents and their parents. As adolescents take on more proactive roles in medical decision-making, monitoring vaccine hesitancy among this population becomes increasingly important.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesParentsVaccination HesitancyAdolescentAdultFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesVaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesAdolescent healthCOVID-19COVID-19 vaccinesVaccine hesitancy

Identifiers

PMID39527888
PMCPMC11753956

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.