ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2024
Selective dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist (±)VK4-40 reduces the reinforcing strength of d-amphetamine but not cocaine in rhesus monkeys responding under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hybrid design reveals a dopamine D3R ligand with promising in vitro ADME properties.Bioorganic chemistry · 2026Article
- Longevity and Catheter-Related Infection Rates in Nonhuman Primates with Chronic Indwelling Intravenous Catheters.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Cocaine self-administration in adult female and male rhesus monkeys: longitudinal comparison with adolescent behavior and role of early life stress.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough countless studies have aimed to identify and test novel therapeutics for stimulant misuse, there are still no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for stimulant use disorders. One potential treatment target is the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and studies in rodents have suggested that the novel D3R partial agonist (±)VK4-40 may be effective at decreasing cocaine self-administration. However, no previous studies have examined the efficacy of (±)VK4-40 in reducing cocaine self-administration in nonhuman primates nor the generality of effects by examining self-administration of other stimulants using a within-subjects design.
methodsExperiment 1 examined how acute treatment with (±)VK4-40 (1.7-3.0mg/kg, i.v.) influenced cocaine and d-amphetamine self-administration in three rhesus monkeys responding under a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. In Experiment 2, the reinforcing effects of (±)VK4-40 were evaluated under a PR schedule and compared to cocaine and d-amphetamine.
resultsWhen given as a pretreatment, (±)VK4-40 significantly reduced the reinforcing strength of d-amphetamine but not cocaine. In general, the effects of (±)VK4-40 on d-amphetamine responding were parallel downward shifts in the self-administration dose-response curve. When (±)VK4-40 was substituted for cocaine, it functioned as a reinforcer in 2 of 3 monkeys. However, the reinforcing strength of (±)VK4-40 was significantly lower than cocaine and d-amphetamine, suggesting lower potential for misuse.
conclusionsOverall, these findings support further exploration of D3R partial agonists, including (±)VK4-40, for treatment of d-amphetamine misuse or potentially in combination with d-amphetamine for treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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