ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2024
Detection and quantification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) total nucleic acids in wastewater settled solids from two California communities.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Statewide multi-year wastewater sequencing reveals dual origins of HIV-1 signal.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tracking HIV Through Wastewater: Ethical Considerations in Public Health Surveillance.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- One-Year Wastewater-Based Study: Detection and Molecular Typing of rotaviruses, Noroviruses and Enteroviruses in Sewage of Zahedan, Iran.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Monitoring Multiple Sexually Transmitted Pathogens Through Wastewater Surveillance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance for infectious agents has proved useful in identifying the circulation of viruses within populations. We investigated the presence and concentration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 total nucleic acids (including both viral RNA and proviral DNA) in wastewater solids. We retrospectively measured HIV-1 nucleic acids in two samples per week for 26 months at two wastewater treatment plants serving populations with different prevalences of HIV infections in San Francisco and Santa Clara County, California, USA. We detected HIV nucleic acids in a majority of samples with concentrations ranging from non-detect to 3.9 × 10 IMPORTANCE: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has infected nearly 100 million people since it emerged in the 1980s. Antiretroviral therapy prevents transmission of HIV and also allows infected individuals to live healthy lives with normal life expectancy. Consequently, identifying unrecognized cases of HIV is of paramount importance. Since wastewater represents a composite biological sample from a community, it may provide valuable information on HIV-1 prevalence that can be used to inform HIV testing and outreach.
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