Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39526641›Full record

Observational studyMaternal & child nutrition2025

Approach to Complementary Feeding and Infant Language Use: An Observational Study.

Claire Farrow, Jacqueline Blissett, Shefu Islam, Rachel Batchelor, Rebecca Norman, Charlotte Webber, Elsa Addessi, Francesca Bellagamba, Amy T Galloway, Laura Shapiro

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Maternal & child nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Complementary Feeding Approach and Maternal Communicative Functions During Mealtimes in 12-Month-Old Infants.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Claire FarrowSchool of Psychology, Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9822-957X
Jacqueline BlissettSchool of Psychology, Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Shefu IslamLoughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
Rachel BatchelorUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rebecca NormanUniversity College London, London, UK.
Charlotte WebberThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Elsa AddessiInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
Francesca BellagambaSapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Amy T GallowayAppalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA.
Laura ShapiroSchool of Psychology, Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.

Funding

This study was supported by a PRIN grant (Prot. 2017WH8B84) from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging research suggests that a more infant-led approach to complementary feeding may confer benefits for child language, but these findings are based on parent report studies. Using an observational approach this study examines whether different complementary feeding experiences relate to infant language exposure and language use. Fifty-eight parents recorded a typical infant mealtime in the home (mean infant age = 14 months, SD = 4.15). Observations were coded to measure the prevalence of infant-led and parent-led feeding using the Family Mealtime Coding Scheme. Caregiver language use (word types and token directed at the child, mean length of utterances in child-directed speech, responsiveness and initiations) and the number of infant vocalisations were coded in ELAN using CHAT conventions and parents completed the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory short form as a measure of child language. Greater observed infant self-feeding was significantly associated with greater observed exposure to language from caregivers (r = 0.312 percentage of infant self-feeding correlated with caregiver word types directed at the child) and a greater number of infant vocalisations (r = 0.320 percentage of infant self-feeding correlated with number of child vocalisations produced). Structural Equation Modelling showed the relationship between infant self-feeding and infant vocalisations to be significantly mediated by enhanced quality and quantity of caregiver child-directed speech (model fit: χ

Indexed as

Infant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaAdultCaregiversChild LanguageFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansInfantLanguage DevelopmentMaleParentscomplementary feedinglanguage developmentmealtime observationsparenting

Identifiers

PMID39526641
PMCPMC11650041

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.