Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39526405›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2025

Rfam 15: RNA families database in 2025.

Nancy Ontiveros-Palacios, Emma Cooke, Eric P Nawrocki, Sandra Triebel, Manja Marz, Elena Rivas, Sam Griffiths-Jones, Anton I Petrov, Alex Bateman, Blake Sweeney

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. LncRNAEpigenetics · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
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  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. TheJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nancy Ontiveros-PalaciosEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8457-4455
Emma CookeSciBite Limited, BioData Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1DR, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7894-8112
Eric P NawrockiNational Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2497-3427
Sandra TriebelRNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8999-4395
Manja MarzRNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4783-8823
Elena RivasDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2084-269X
Sam Griffiths-JonesSchool of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Dover St, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6043-807X
Anton I PetrovRiboscope Ltd, Cambridge CB1 1AH, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7279-2682
Alex BatemanEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6982-4660
Blake SweeneyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6497-2883

Funding

Discovery of structural RNAs involved in human health and diseaseR01GM144423 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI RIVAS, ELENA · 2022 to 2025
$1.4M
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/S020462/1EMBL-EBI Core FundsNIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM144423NIH Intramural Research Program ELIXIRWellcome TrustWellcome Trust 218302/Z/19/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Rfam database, a widely used repository of non-coding RNA families, has undergone significant updates in release 15.0. This paper introduces major improvements, including the expansion of Rfamseq to 26 106 genomes, a 76% increase, incorporating the latest UniProt reference proteomes and additional viral genomes. Sixty-five RNA families were enhanced using experimentally determined 3D structures, improving the accuracy of consensus secondary structures and annotations. R-scape covariation analysis was used to refine structural predictions in 26 families. Gene Ontology (GO) and Sequence Ontology annotations were comprehensively updated, increasing GO term coverage to 75% of families. The release adds 14 new Hepatitis C Virus RNA families and completes microRNA family synchronization with miRBase, resulting in 1603 microRNA families. New data types, including FULL alignments, have been implemented. Integration with APICURON for improved curator attribution and multiple website enhancements further improve user experience. These updates significantly expand Rfam's coverage and improve annotation quality, reinforcing its critical role in RNA research, genome annotation and the development of machine learning models. Rfam is freely available at https://rfam.org.

Indexed as

Databases, Nucleic AcidMolecular Sequence AnnotationGene OntologyGenome, ViralHepacivirusMicroRNAsNucleic Acid ConformationRNA, UntranslatedRNA, ViralSequence Analysis, RNASoftwareMicroRNAsRNA, UntranslatedRNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID39526405
PMCPMC11701678

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.