Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39526381›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research2025

NCBI RefSeq: reference sequence standards through 25 years of curation and annotation.

Tamara Goldfarb, Vamsi K Kodali, Shashikant Pujar, Vyacheslav Brover, Barbara Robbertse, Catherine M Farrell, Dong-Ha Oh, Alexander Astashyn, Olga Ermolaeva, Diana Haddad and 26 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
238citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

238 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  18. An integrated genomic framework forMicrobial genomics · 2026
    Article
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178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

36 authors.

Tamara GoldfarbNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-0352-9212
Vamsi K KodaliNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Shashikant PujarNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Vyacheslav BroverNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Barbara RobbertseNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Catherine M FarrellNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-3804-8528
Dong-Ha OhNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Alexander AstashynNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Olga ErmolaevaNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Diana HaddadNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Wratko HlavinaNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Jinna HoffmanNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
John D JacksonNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Vinita S JoardarNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
David KristensenNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Patrick MastersonNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Kelly M McGarveyNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Richard McVeighNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Eyal MozesNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Michael R MurphyNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Susan S SchaferNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Alexander SouvorovNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Brett SpurrierNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Pooja K StropeNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Hanzhen SunNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Anjana R VatsanNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Craig WallinNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
David WebbNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
J Rodney BristerNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Eneida HatcherNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Avi KimchiNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
William KlimkeNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Aron Marchler-BauerNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1516-0712
Kim D PruittNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Françoise Thibaud-NissenNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Terence D MurphyNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9311-9745

Funding

National Center for Biotechnology InformationNIH HHSNLM NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reference sequences and annotations serve as the foundation for many lines of research today, from organism and sequence identification to providing a core description of the genes, transcripts and proteins found in an organism's genome. Interpretation of data including transcriptomics, proteomics, sequence variation and comparative analyses based on reference gene annotations informs our understanding of gene function and possible disease mechanisms, leading to new biomedical discoveries. The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) resource created at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) leverages both automatic processes and expert curation to create a robust set of reference sequences of genomic, transcript and protein data spanning the tree of life. RefSeq continues to refine its annotation and quality control processes and utilize better quality genomes resulting from advances in sequencing technologies as well as RNA-Seq data to produce high-quality annotated genomes, ortholog predictions across more organisms and other products that are easily accessible through multiple NCBI resources. This report summarizes the current status of the eukaryotic, prokaryotic and viral RefSeq resources, with a focus on eukaryotic annotation, the increase in taxonomic representation and the effect it will have on comparative genomics. The RefSeq resource is publicly accessible at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq.

Indexed as

GenomicsMolecular Sequence AnnotationReference StandardsAnimalsDatabases, GeneticData CurationGenomeHumansNational Library of Medicine (U.S.)United States

Identifiers

PMID39526381
PMCPMC11701664

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.