Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2024
Sex Differences in Protein Biomarkers and Measures of Fat Distribution.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Structural Cardiac Abnormalities, Ventricular Dysfunction Phenotypes, and Heart Failure Risk among Antiretroviral Therapy-treated People Living with HIV in South Africa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The Association Between Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels and Body Fat Parameters: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Sex-biased plasma inflammatory protein profile in obesity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between dietary patterns and biological aging among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: evidence from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Dyadic Associations of Physical Activity, Diet Quality, and Body Mass Index in Black Prostate Cancer Survivors and their Spouses: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The Adipokine Hypothesis of Heart Failure With a Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Novel Framework to Explain Pathogenesis and Guide Treatment.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Review
- Joint Tissues: Convergence and Divergence of the Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Trajectories of plant-based dietary patterns and their sex-specific associations with cardiometabolic health among young Australian adults.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Fatty Liver Index vs. Biochemical-Anthropometric Indices: Diagnosing Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with Non-Invasive Tools.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Crosstalk Between Antioxidants and Adipogenesis: Mechanistic Pathways and Their Roles in Metabolic Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSex differences in obesity and fat distribution may in part explain differences in cardiovascular risk in men versus women. We sought to examine sex differences in the associations of obesity and adiposity measures with cardiovascular disease-related protein biomarkers. METHODS AND
resultsIn a cross-sectional observational cohort study, we examined whether the association of obesity (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference) and adiposity measures (visceral adipose tissue) with biomarkers demonstrates effect modification by sex using multiplicative interaction terms in multivariable linear regression models. Among 3143 participants (mean age, 50 years; 49% women), sex modified the association of BMI, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue with cardiovascular disease-related protein biomarkers (7 for BMI, 3 for waist circumference, and 23 for visceral adipose tissue, false discovery rate [FDR]-q
conclusionsWe found that sex modified the associations of obesity and adipose traits with cardiovascular risk ascertained by cardiovascular disease-related biomarkers including markers of adiposity, inflammation, and fibrosis. These findings highlight potential biological pathways that may underlie some of the observed differences in obesity-related cardiovascular disease between women and men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.