ArticlePhysics and imaging in radiation oncology2024
Development of a novel 3D-printed dynamic anthropomorphic thorax phantom for evaluation of four-dimensional computed tomography.
Article in Physics and imaging in radiation oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of tumor localization accuracy on fast ring-gantry cone-beam computed tomography using patient-specific breathing curves and a dynamic anthropomorphic thorax phantom.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Development and Radiological Evaluation of 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Lung Phantoms: From CT Imaging to 3D Modeling and Material Characterization.Research square · 2026Article
- PixelPrint 4D : A 3D Printing Method of Fabricating Patient-Specific Deformable CT Phantoms for Respiratory Motion Applications.Investigative radiology · 2025Article
- Advancements in 3D lung models for minimally invasive lung cancer surgery: from static to real-time dynamic modeling.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Review
- Towards a more realistic anthropomorphic chest phantom using 3D-printed and cork-integrated components.Medical physics · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Analog and Digital Chest Tube Drainage Systems Using a High-Fidelity 3D-Printed Neonatal Chest Model.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Background and purpose: In radiotherapy, the image quality of four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is often degraded by artifacts resulting from breathing irregularities. Quality assurance mostly employ simplistic phantoms, not fully representing complexities and dynamics in patients. 3D-printing allows for design of highly customized phantoms. This study aims to validate the proof-of-concept of a realistic dynamic thorax phantom and its 4DCT application. Materials and methods: Using 3D-printing, a realistic thorax phantom was produced with tissue-equivalent materials for soft tissue, bone, and compressible lungs, including bronchi and tumors. Lung compression was facilitated by motors simulating customized breathing curves with an added platform for application of monitoring systems. The phantom contained three tumors which were assessed in terms of tumor motion amplitude. Three 4DCT sequences and repeated static images for different lung compression levels were acquired to evaluate the reproducibility. Moreover, more complex patient-specific breathing patterns with irregularities were simulated. Results: The phantom showed a reproducibility of ±0.2 mm and ±0.4 mm in all directions for static 3DCT images and 4DCT images, respectively. Furthermore, the tumor close to the diaphragm showed higher amplitudes in the inferior/superior direction (13.9 mm) than lesions higher in the lungs (8.1 mm) as observed in patients. The more complex breathing patterns demonstrated commonly seen 4DCT artifacts. Conclusion: This study developed a dynamic 3D-printed thorax phantom, which simulated customized breathing patterns. The phantom represented a realistic anatomy and 4DCT scanning of it could create realistic artifacts, making it beneficial for 4DCT quality assurance or protocol optimization.
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