ArticleJournal of sleep research2025
Changes to human sleep architecture during long-duration spaceflight.
Article in Journal of sleep research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spaceflight and sport science: Physiological monitoring and countermeasures for the astronaut-athlete on Mars exploration missions.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Spaceflight Standard Measures is a multidisciplinary study that systematically monitors risks to astronaut health and performance.NPJ microgravity · 2025Review
- Changes to human sleep architecture during long-duration spaceflight.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- The futuristic manifolds of REM sleep.Journal of sleep research · 2025Review
- taVNS as a potential countermeasure for neurocognitive decline in microgravity.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Space exploration and lifestyle medicine: a narrative review of its implications for astronaut health and remote Earth-based environments.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Sleep disruption, use of sleep-promoting medication and circadian desynchronization in spaceflight crewmembers: Evidence in low-Earth orbit and concerns for future deep-space exploration missions.Sleep medicine: X · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Both rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep are important for cognitive function and well-being, yet few studies have examined whether human sleep architecture is affected by long-duration spaceflight. We recorded 256 nights of sleep from five crew members before (n = 112 nights), during (n = 83 nights) and after (n = 61 nights) ~6-month missions aboard the Mir space station, using the Nightcap sleep monitor. We compared sleep outcomes (including total sleep time, efficiency, latency, rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement) during spaceflight with those on Earth. We also evaluated longitudinal changes over time in space. We found that wakefulness increased by 1 hr in space compared with on Earth. Over time in space, rapid eye movement was initially reduced and then recovered to near preflight levels at the expense of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Upon return to Earth, sleep architecture returned to preflight distribution. Our findings suggest that spaceflight may alter sleep architecture and should be explored further.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.