Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39522070›Full record

ArticlePediatric cardiology2025

Comparison of Necrotizing Enterocolitis After Surgical Norwood versus Hybrid Stage 1 Palliation.

Alyson R Pierick, Hillary Liken, Jeffrey D Zampi, Jennifer C Romano, Courtney Strohacker, Ray Lowery, Sunkyung Yu, Ashley Duimstra, C Todd Sower

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alyson R PierickDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1405 East Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. alysonpierick8@gmail.com.
Hillary LikenDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1405 East Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Jeffrey D ZampiDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1405 East Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Jennifer C RomanoSection of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Courtney StrohackerDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1405 East Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Ray LoweryDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1405 East Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Sunkyung YuDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1405 East Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Ashley DuimstraDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1405 East Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
C Todd SowerDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 1405 East Hospital Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hybrid stage 1 palliation (HS1P) is used as an alternative to the surgical Norwood for single ventricle patients and specific other conditions. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) occurs in 5%-18% of infants after surgical Norwood, contributing to significant morbidity. We sought to compare the NEC incidences in HS1P versus Norwood patients. A single-center retrospective cohort study of all infants undergoing HS1P or Norwood over a 12-year period. Demographics, underlying cardiac diagnosis, surgical details, and NEC episodes were queried for each patient. The cumulative incidences of NEC between HS1P and Norwood patients were compared. A total of 305 infants were included; 200 Norwood and 105 HS1P. HS1P infants were more often premature (gestational age < 37 weeks; 23.8% vs 1.5%) and had lower birth weight (mean 2.8 ± 0.66 kg versus 3.3 ± 0.47 kg) than their Norwood counterparts. Most infants who underwent the Norwood procedure had hypoplastic left heart syndrome (79.5%), with variable underlying cardiac diagnosis for those who underwent HS1P. Incidence of NEC was significantly higher in the HS1P group (53.3% versus 37.0%, p = 0.01), with increased risk independent of birth weight or underlying cardiac diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio 1.8, p = 0.03). Infants after HS1P had a median of 2 episodes of NEC (interquartile range [IQR] 1-3) versus 1 episode in the Norwood group (IQR 1-2). Infants after HS1P are at higher risk of NEC in comparison to infants after the Norwood procedure. More studies are needed to help predict which infants after HS1P are at highest risk for NEC.

Indexed as

Enterocolitis, NecrotizingHypoplastic Left Heart SyndromeNorwood ProceduresPalliative CarePostoperative ComplicationsFemaleGestational AgeHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsHybrid palliationHypoplastic left heart syndromeNecrotizing enterocolitisNorwood procedure

Identifiers

PMID39522070

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.