Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39517703›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2024

Intelligent Human Operator Mental Fatigue Assessment Method Based on Gaze Movement Monitoring.

Alexey Kashevnik, Svetlana Kovalenko, Anton Mamonov, Batol Hamoud, Aleksandr Bulygin, Vladislav Kuznetsov, Irina Shoshina, Ivan Brak, Gleb Kiselev

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Mental fatigue in football: methodology and experimental protocol.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Employing Eye Trackers to Reduce Nuisance Alarms.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alexey KashevnikSt. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), St. Petersburg 199178, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-6503-1447
Svetlana KovalenkoLaboratory for Cognitive Psychology of Digital Interface Users, HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russia.ORCID 0009-0002-1210-1231
Anton MamonovFaculty of Physics and Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-4541-7454
Batol HamoudSt. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), St. Petersburg 199178, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-8568-7440
Aleksandr BulyginSt. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), St. Petersburg 199178, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-2071-2123
Vladislav KuznetsovFederal Research Center "Computer Science and Control" of Russian Academy of Sciences (FRC CSC RAS), Moscow 119333, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-5671-4905
Irina ShoshinaInstitute for Cognitive Research, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-8113-1680
Ivan BrakFaculty of Physics and Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-5146-0096
Gleb KiselevFaculty of Physics and Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-9231-8662

Funding

Bortnik innovation fund #23ГУKoдИИC12-D7/79179
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Modern mental fatigue detection methods include many parameters for evaluation. For example, many researchers use human subjective evaluation or driving parameters to assess this human condition. Development of a method for detecting the functional state of mental fatigue is an extremely important task. Despite the fact that human operator support systems are becoming more and more widespread, at the moment there is no open-source solution that can monitor this human state based on eye movement monitoring in real time and with high accuracy. Such a method allows the prevention of a large number of potential hazardous situations and accidents in critical industries (nuclear stations, transport systems, and air traffic control). This paper describes the developed method for mental fatigue detection based on human eye movements. We based our research on a developed earlier dataset that included captured eye-tracking data of human operators that implemented different tasks during the day. In the scope of the developed method, we propose a technique for the determination of the most relevant gaze characteristics for mental fatigue state detection. The developed method includes the following machine learning techniques for human state classification: random forest, decision tree, and multilayered perceptron. The experimental results showed that the most relevant characteristics are as follows: average velocity within the fixation area; average curvature of the gaze trajectory; minimum curvature of the gaze trajectory; minimum saccade length; percentage of fixations shorter than 150 ms; and proportion of time spent in fixations shorter than 150 milliseconds. The processing of eye movement data using the proposed method is performed in real time, with the maximum accuracy (0.85) and F1-score (0.80) reached using the random forest method.

Indexed as

Eye MovementsMental FatigueAdultAlgorithmsEye-Tracking TechnologyFemaleHumansMachine LearningMaleeye-trackingmachine learningmental fatigue detection

Identifiers

PMID39517703
PMCPMC11548258

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.