Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39516669›Full record

ArticleNature chemistry2025

Molecular-scale dissipative chemistry drives the formation of nanoscale assemblies and their macroscale transport.

Kai Liu, Alex W P Blokhuis, Sietse J Dijt, Juntian Wu, Shana Hamed, Armin Kiani, Bartosz M Matysiak, Sijbren Otto

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Transiently amplified fluctuations assemble dissipative materials.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Regulating Promiscuous Catalysis via Substrate-Induced Transient Assembly.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kai LiuShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China. k.liu@siat.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-2310
Alex W P BlokhuisCentre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-596X
Sietse J DijtCentre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-6349-5587
Juntian WuCentre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-9812
Shana HamedCentre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Armin KianiCentre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-4627
Bartosz M MatysiakCentre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-6445
Sijbren OttoCentre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. s.otto@rug.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0259-5637

Funding

EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) 847675EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) PSR 786350
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fuelled chemical systems have considerable functional potential that remains largely unexplored. Here we report an approach to transient amide bond formation and use it to harness chemical energy and convert it to mechanical motion by integrating dissipative self-assembly and the Marangoni effect in a source-sink system. Droplets are formed through dissipative self-assembly following the reaction of octylamine with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride. The resulting amides are hydrolytically labile, making the droplets transient, which enables them to act as a source of octylamine. A sink for octylamine was created by placing a drop of oleic acid at the air-water interface. This source-sink system sets up a gradient in surface tension, which gives rise to a macroscopic Marangoni flow that can transport the droplets in solution with tunable speed. Carbodiimides can fuel this motion by converting diacid waste back to anhydride. This study shows how fuelling at the molecular level can, via assembly at the supramolecular level, lead to liquid flow at the macroscopic level.

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.