ArticleF&S science2025
Phthalates are detected in the follicular fluid of adolescents and oocyte donors with associated changes in the cumulus cell transcriptome.
Article in F&S science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Literature Review of Reproductive Toxicological Studies on Phthalates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Phthalate Metabolite Mixture Exposure on Mouse Oocyte Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Phenol biomarker concentrations in human ovarian follicular fluid and the associations with in-vitro fertilization outcomes.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Oral exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate alters the expression of GATA6, OCT4, and CDX2 in blastocysts and decreases the rate of implantation in a mouse model.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- In Vitro Toxicity of a DEHP and Cadmium Mixture on Sheep Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the follicular fluid (FF) phthalate levels in adolescents undergoing fertility preservation compared with oocyte donors and explore its association with ovarian reserve and cumulus cell (CC) gene expression.
designRetrospective study and molecular analysis of CCs and FF. SUBJECTS: Adolescents (n = 20, 16.7 ± 0.6 years) undergoing fertility preservation and oocyte donors (n = 24, 26.2 ± 0.4 years). EXPOSURE: Not applicable.
main outcome measuresPatient demographics, ovarian stimulation, and oocyte retrieval outcomes were analyzed for each group. The FF levels of 9 phthalate metabolites were assessed individually and as molar sums representative of common compounds (all phthalates, ƩPhthalates; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-associated phthalate metabolites, ƩDEHP), exposure sources (plastics, ƩPlastic; personal care products, ƩPCP), and modes of action (antiandrogenic, ƩAA) and compared between the 2 groups. The transcriptome of CC associated with mature oocytes was compared between adolescents and oocyte donors using bulk ribonucleic acid sequencing.
resultsThe FF ƩPlastic and ƩPCP levels were significantly higher in adolescents than in oocyte donors. The FF ƩDEHP, ƩPlastic, ƩPCP, ƩAA, and ƩPhthalates levels were positively associated with antral follicle count in oocyte donors when adjusted for age, body mass index, and race/ethnicity. Ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis revealed 248 differentially expressed genes in CCs of adolescents within the top quartile (n = 4) of the FF ƩPhthalates levels compared with those of the adolescents within the bottom half (n = 9). Genes enriched in pathways involved in cell motility and development were significantly down-regulated.
conclusionsAdolescents undergoing fertility preservation cycles demonstrate higher levels of phthalate metabolites in their FF than oocyte donors. Higher phthalate levels are associated with alterations in cumulus cells transcriptome in adolescents. The phthalate metabolite levels in FF are associated with higher antral follicle count levels in oocyte donors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.