Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39515194›Full record

Observational studyVaccine2025

Variation in the time to complete the primary COVID-19 vaccine series by race, ethnicity, and geography among older US adults.

Yalin Deng, Kaleen N Hayes, Yifan Zhao, Preeti Chachlani, Andrew R Zullo, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Cheryl N McMahill-Walraven, Vincent Mor, Daniel A Harris

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yalin DengDepartment of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Electronic address: yalin_deng@brown.edu.
Kaleen N HayesDepartment of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Yifan ZhaoDepartment of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Preeti ChachlaniDepartment of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Andrew R ZulloDepartment of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Djeneba Audrey DjiboCVS Health, Safety, Surveillance & Collaboration, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA.
Cheryl N McMahill-WalravenCVS Health, Safety, Surveillance & Collaboration, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA.
Vincent MorDepartment of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Daniel A HarrisDepartment of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA.

Funding

Training Core (I)U54AG063546 · NIA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI JASON H KARLAWISH · 2019 to 2026
$125.9M
NIA NIH HHS U54 AG063546
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRacial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccine access are well-documented; however, few studies have examined whether racial disparities are modified by other factors, including geographic location and area-level deprivation.

methodsWe conducted an observational study using the COVVAXAGE database. Medicare beneficiaries who received the COVID-19 vaccine primary series (two doses) between 01/01/2021 and 12/31/2021 were included. Racial differences in the time between doses was assessed by urbanicity using g-formula methods.

resultsWe identified 11,924,990 beneficiaries (mean age = 75.4; 60 % female; 80 % White). Most beneficiaries (97.1 %) received their second vaccine on time. Delayed second doses were more common among beneficiaries who were Black (RR

conclusionsMost beneficiaries received their second COVID-19 vaccine on time. Racial disparities were observed and shown to vary by geographic area.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesEthnicityAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleGeographyHealthcare DisparitiesHumansMaleMedicareRacial GroupsTime FactorsUnited StatesVaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesCOVID-19Health disparitiesmRNA vaccinesVaccination schedule

Identifiers

PMID39515194
PMCPMC11646174

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.