Observational studyJournal of addiction medicine
Importance of Modifiable Factors to Infant Health in the Context of Prenatal Opioid Use Disorder.
Observational study in Journal of addiction medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The prevalence of mental health-related multimorbidity during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal opioid use disorder and child protective service involvement: Does consistent treatment matter?Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Descriptive Exploration of Features Among Infants With Prenatal Fentanyl Exposure in a Multisite Cohort of Maternal-Infant Dyads Affected by Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of the study is to estimate the contributions of common and modifiable risk factors to birth outcomes of individuals with prenatal opioid use disorder (OUD).
methodsWe conducted an observational cohort study of all Wisconsin Medicaid-covered singleton live births from 2011-2019. Using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for continuous, and the Fairlie extension for categorical outcomes, we estimated the contributions of comorbidities, tobacco use, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and gestational weight gain (GWG) to birthweight for gestational age (BW-GA) percentile associated with prenatal OUD and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA), net of other factors.
resultsAmong 216,684 births, the 5184 (2.4%) with OUD had greater prevalence of tobacco use, a lower average pre-pregnancy BMI (26.7 kg/m 2 , SD = 0.09 versus 28.4 kg/m 2 , SD = 0.02), and on average 2.0 pounds less GWG, when compared to those without OUD. The predicted mean BW-GA percentile among infants with OUD exposure was 11.2 (95% CI 10.5, 11.9) points lower than those without; 62.3% (95% CI 57.4, 67.1) of this difference could be explained by the variables included in the full model and the largest contribution of the explained portion came from the higher prevalence of tobacco use followed by the contributions of comorbidities, GWG, and pre-pregnancy BMI.
conclusionsMore than half of the difference in BW-GA percentile, and risk of SGA associated with prenatal OUD, could be attributed to modifiable factors and not opioids. Moreover, potentially modifiable factors including tobacco use and measures reflecting nutritional status contributed to a majority of the explained portion.
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