Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39514616›Full record

ArticlePloS one2024

Examining the e-cigarette scenario based on distribution, availability, marketing, and banning: A GIS-Based qualitative study in Bangladesh.

Md Jamil Hossain, Quazi Maksudur Rahman, Md Abid Bin Siddique, Md Wahiduzzaman, Lakshmi Rani Kundu, Anika Bushra Boitchi, Ayesha Ahmed, Most Zannatul Ferdous, Afifa Anjum, Md Munir Mahmud and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Md Jamil HossainDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0009-0005-2969-3271
Quazi Maksudur RahmanDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-3424-0200
Md Abid Bin SiddiqueDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md WahiduzzamanDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Lakshmi Rani KunduDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-3528-0108
Anika Bushra BoitchiDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ayesha AhmedDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Most Zannatul FerdousDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Afifa AnjumDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Md Munir MahmudInstitute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0009-0003-2721-6530
Md Maruf HasanDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Tareq MahmudDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0003-3088-1542
Md Naim PramanikDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0009-0008-8802-1987
Meheruba Khan SinthiaDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0009-0003-6434-0653
Tasmin Sayeed NodiDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0009-0002-3561-4224
Md Mahadi HassanDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Soniya Akter SonyDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0009-0009-7872-7676
Noushin Rahman MahinDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Mosaraf HossainDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
H M Miraz MahmudBangladesh Center for Communication Programs, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Shakhaoat HossainDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Tajuddin SikderDepartment of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlobally, over 81 million people use e-cigarettes, and the majority of them are young adults. Using e-cigarettes causes different types of adverse health effects both in adults and elderly people. Over time, using e-cigarettes has detrimental consequences on lung function, brain development and numerous other illnesses.

methodsThis study employed a mixed-methods conducted between June and September 2023, comprising two phases: Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping of available e-cigarette point-of-sale (POS) locations and conducting 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with e-cigarette retailers, along with 5 key informant interviews (KIIs) involving tobacco control activists and policy experts. ArcGIS was employed for spatial analysis, creating distribution and type maps, and buffer and multi-buffer ring analyses were conducted to assess proximity to hospitals and academic institutions. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics for GIS mapping and qualitative analysis for interview transcripts, utilizing a priori codebook and thematic analysis.

resultsA total of 276 POS were mapped in the entire Dhaka city. About 55 POS were found within 100m distance from academic institutions in Dhaka city, which offers the easy accessibility of young generations to e-cigarettes. The younger generation is becoming the major target for e-cigarettes because of their alluring flavors, appealing looks, and variation in flavors. Sellers have been using different marketing tactics such as postering, offering discounts and using internet marketing on social media. Moreover, they try to convince the customers by saying that e-cigarettes are 'not harmful' or 'less harmful'. However, retailers were mostly taking e-cigarettes from local wholesalers or distributors. Customers buy these products both from in-store and online services. Due to the absence of laws and regulations on e-cigarettes in Bangladesh, the availability, marketing, and selling of e-cigarettes are increasing alarmingly.

conclusionE-cigarette retail shops are mostly surrounded by academic institutions, and it is expanding. Besides, frequent exposure, easy accessibility, and tactful promotion encourage the younger generations to consume e-cigarettes. The government should take necessary control measures on manufacturing, storage, advertising, promotion, sponsorship, marketing, distribution, sale, import, and export in order to safeguard the health and safety of young and future generations.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsGeographic Information SystemsMarketingAdultBangladeshCommerceFemaleHumansMaleQualitative ResearchYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39514616
PMCPMC11548718

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.