Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39514304›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024

Scale invariance in early embryonic development.

Miloš Nikolić, Victoria Antonetti, Feng Liu, Gentian Muhaxheri, Mariela D Petkova, Martin Scheeler, Eric M Smith, William Bialek, Thomas Gregor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Position-dependent feedback drives scaling and robustness of morphogen gradients.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Positional information and information flows in dynamic tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Embryonic scaling: morphogen gradients, size sensing, and scaler genes.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  4. Static morphogen scaling enables proportional growth in a tissue growth model inspired by axolotl limb regeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Dynamical systems of fate and form in development.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  8. Quantifying the genetic origins of body plan scaling.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Scale invariance in early embryonic development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Morphogens in the evolution of size, shape and patterning.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Miloš NikolićJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.ORCID 0000-0002-1206-1797
Victoria AntonettiJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Feng LiuLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.ORCID 0000-0001-9724-6127
Gentian MuhaxheriJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Mariela D PetkovaProgram in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Martin ScheelerJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Eric M SmithJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
William BialekJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.ORCID 0000-0002-7823-3862
Thomas GregorJoseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.ORCID 0000-0001-9460-139X

Funding

The Biophysical and Molecular Mechanisms of Reliability in DevelopmentR01GM097275 · NIGMS · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI GREGOR, THOMAS · 2011 to 2024
$4.9M
Dynamics, scaling, and precision of morphogen gradients in the Drosophila embryoR01GM077599 · NIGMS · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI BIALEK, WILLIAM · 2006 to 2009
$1.2M
HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01GM077599HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01GM097275John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (JSGMF) noneNational Science Foundation (NSF) PHY 1734030NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM077599NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM097275Simons Foundation (SF) 821703
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The expression of a few key genes determines the body plan of the fruit fly. We show that the spatial expression patterns for several of these genes scale precisely with embryo size. Discrete positional markers such as the peaks in striped patterns or the boundaries of expression domains have positions along the embryo's major axis proportional to embryo length, accurate to within 1%. Further, the information (in bits) that graded patterns of expression provide about a cell's position can be decomposed into information about fractional or scaled position and information about absolute position or embryo length; all information available is about scaled position, with [Formula: see text]2% error. These findings imply that the underlying genetic network's behavior exhibits scale invariance in a more precise mathematical sense. We argue that models that can explain this scale invariance also have a "zero mode" in the dynamics of gene expression, and this connects to observations on the spatial correlation of fluctuations in expression levels.

Indexed as

Embryonic DevelopmentGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAnimalsBody PatterningDrosophila melanogasterDrosophila ProteinsEmbryo, NonmammalianDrosophila Proteinsembryonic developmentgenetic networkspattern formationscaling

Identifiers

PMID39514304
PMCPMC11572962

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.