ArticleJAMA network open2024
Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Snoring Among Adolescents.
Article in JAMA network open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Developmental Trajectories of Positive Expectancies of Cannabis Use Effects Among Early Adolescents: Longitudinal Observational Study Using Latent Class Growth Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Observational
- Indications for Adenoidectomy and Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Assessing Executive Function in Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing Using Functional Neuroimaging.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and treatments of Sleep-Disordered breathing in people with down syndrome: A narrative review.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Review
- Impact of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia on Cognitive Function and Hippocampal Neurons in Mice: A Study of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Snoring is central to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which arises from nocturnal upper airway resistance. Habitual snoring is associated with cognitive and behavioral problems in young children, but less is known about these associations in adolescents. Objective: To assess the longitudinal associations of snoring with cognition and problem behaviors among adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was a secondary analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study dataset (release 5.0), which enrolled 11 875 children and a parent or caregiver from June 1, 2016, to October 15, 2018, at 21 participating US research institutions and followed-up for 5 years. The analysis was performed between December 2023 and April 2024. Exposures: Parent-reported snoring categorized as none, nonhabitual (<3 nights/week), and habitual (≥3 times/week). Main Outcomes and Measures: Cognition was assessed using 5 measures from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox (NIH-TB), and caregiver-reported problem behaviors were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), including Total Problems, Internalizing Problems, and Externalizing Problems. Longitudinal associations of snoring with these assessment measures were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models stratified by obesity. Model fits were assessed after including the fixed-effects of age, sex at birth, race, family income, follow-up time, visit type, and the random-effects of site and identification number. Results: The study included data from 11 862 children at year 1 (mean age, 119.0 months [95% CI, 118.8 to 119.1 months]; 6164 male [52.2%]) and 11 198, 10 870, 10 064, and 4668 children at years 2 to 5, respectively. The proportion of habitual snorers decreased from 811 participants (6.8%) in year 1 to 150 participants (3.2%) in year 5. Snoring was not associated with any of the NIH-TB scores. A statistically significant association of snoring was identified with all CBCL scales. The largest-magnitude association was of snoring with the CBCL Total Problems scale among adolescents with obesity (β = 3.18; 95% CI, 2.59-3.77). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study analyzing associations of snoring with cognitive test scores and problem behaviors based on the ABCD dataset, the prevalence of snoring declined over time; snoring in adolescents was associated with problem behaviors but not cognitive deficits. These findings may aid shared decision-making regarding treatment options such as adenotonsillectomy for adolescents with SDB.
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