ReviewInternational journal of biometeorology2025
Exploring the relationships between ground observations and remotely sensed hazelnut spring phenology.
Review in International journal of biometeorology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Crop phenology is very important in regular crop monitoring. Generally, phenology is monitored through field observation surveys or satellite data. The relationships between ground observations and remotely sensed derived phenological data can enable near-real-time monitoring over large areas, which has never been attempted on hazelnuts. In this study, we extracted phenological metrics derived from MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in hazelnut production regions and compared them with the spring ground phenological data (BBCH scale) from orchards located in the same area of Turkey over the period from 2019 to 2022. We observed a specific temporal dynamic between remote sensing phenometrics and ground observations. The metrics Greenup, Upturning Date, and Threshold 20% metrics corresponded to the early of EVI growth and were synchronous with the female flowering of hazelnut and ending before bud break. The metrics Threshold 50% and Start of season were associated with the steepest portion of the EVI curve, i.e., canopy greening and thickening, and occurred between ovaries enlargement and leaves unfolding. The metrics Peak of Season, Stabilization Date, and Maturity corresponded to the end of spring vegetative growth. The main outcomes are that (i) female flowering occurred before 20% of vegetation development (BBCH 64P occurred about one month before Threshold 20%), (ii) phenometrics from satellite remote sensing (i.e., Upturning Date and Threshold 20%) well-reflected leaf emergence (r
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