ArticleMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development2024
Large and small extracellular vesicles from Wharton's jelly MSCs: Biophysics, function, and strategies to improve immunomodulation.
Article in Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunomodulatory Nanomaterials: Design Strategies, Mechanisms, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Large extracellular vesicles and blebbisomes in cancer: emerging and translational opportunities highlights.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Modulation of NEAT1 and MALAT1 expression in WJ-MSCs by Covid-19 serum: a foundation for EVs-mediated therapy.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of immunosuppression and pro-regenerative processes, particularly through mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) across various disease models. Despite significant progress, there is still a need for a deeper understanding of EV content and functionality to fully harness their biomedical potential. Moreover, strategies to enhance EV production for clinical scalability are still under development. This study aimed to characterize two distinct types of EV-large EV (lgEV) and small EV (smEV)-secreted by Wharton's jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs). Strategies were explored to augment both EV production and their immunoregulatory effects. Both lgEV and smEV displayed typical EV markers and demonstrated inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, analysis of IsomiR content revealed a pronounced immunomodulating signature within MSC-derived EVs, validated by a dual-fluorescence reporter system. MSC primed with pro-inflammatory cytokines yielded increased production of lgEV and smEV, enhancing their immunomodulatory potency. Finally, genetically engineering WJ-MSC to express CD9 resulted in lgEV and smEV with heightened efficacy in suppressing lymphocyte proliferation. This study successfully isolated, characterized, and demonstrated the potent immunosuppressive effect of WJ-MSC-derived lgEV and smEV. We propose cytokine preconditioning and genetic manipulation as viable strategies to enhance the therapeutic potential of WJ-MSC-derived EV in inflammatory conditions.
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Registered trials
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