Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39512089›Full record

ArticleJournal of child language2026

Argument ordering in simple sentences is affected by age of first language acquisition: Evidence from late first language signers of ASL.

Rachel Miles, Marla Hatrak, Deniz İlkbaşaran, Rachel Mayberry

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of child language, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. American Sign Language basic clause comprehension strategies used by late first-language learners: Plausibility, animacy, and linguistic structure.Language learning and development : the official journal of the Society for Language Development · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rachel MilesDepartment of Linguistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-9978
Marla HatrakDepartment of Linguistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Deniz İlkbaşaranDepartment of Linguistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Rachel MayberryDepartment of Linguistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Funding

Age of Acquisition effects on sign language development and brain processingR01DC012797 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MAYBERRY, RACHEL I · 2013 to 2023
$6.3M
Effects of age of acquisition and of community on argument orderingF31DC021625 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MILES, RACHEL ELIZABETH · 2023 to 2024
$82k
NIDCD NIH HHS F31 DC021625NIDCD NIH HHS F31DC021625NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC012797NIDCD NIH HHS R01DC012797
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Research on the language acquisition of deaf individuals who are exposed to accessible linguistic input at a variety of ages has provided evidence for a sensitive period of first language acquisition. Recent studies have shown that deaf individuals who first learn language after early childhood, late first-language learners (LL1), do not comprehend reversible Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) sentences. The present study analyzed 478 signed productions elicited with pictures depicting simple events with one or two arguments by 28 signers. The argument order patterns of native signers converged with one another and the word order patterns of American Sign Language (ASL). By contrast, the ordering patterns of the LL1 signers did not converge with one another or with the patterns of the native signers. This indicates that early childhood is a period of heightened sensitivity to basic word order and may help explain why complex structures are difficult for LL1 signers to learn.

Indexed as

Language DevelopmentSign LanguageAdultAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolDeafnessFemaleHumansMaleage of acquisitionAmerican Sign Languagelanguage deprivationword order

Identifiers

PMID39512089
PMCPMC12059150

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.