Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39511790›Full record

ArticleACR open rheumatology2025

Anti-retinal Autoantibodies in Hydroxychloroquine Eye Toxicity.

Samuel D Good, Grazyna Adamus, Michael B Gorin, Jordan Jacquez, Jennifer Grossman, Isao Matsuura, Ashira Hasan, Brian Skaggs, Maureen McMahon

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACR open rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Samuel D GoodDavid Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-3714
Grazyna AdamusCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
Michael B GorinRetinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
Jordan JacquezDavid Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Jennifer GrossmanDavid Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Isao MatsuuraDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
Ashira HasanCasey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
Brian SkaggsDavid Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
Maureen McMahonDavid Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-7640

Funding

Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Casey Eye Institute FundingU.S. Department of Defense W81XWH-20-1-0674
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAutoimmune retinopathy and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-related retinal toxicity share many similarities, raising the possibility autoimmunity plays a role in HCQ retinopathy. The objective of this study is to determine whether patients diagnosed with HCQ retinal toxicity are more likely to have circulating antiretinal autoantibodies (AAbs) compared to controls.

methodsWe tested plasma samples for the presence of anti-retinal AAbs by immunoblotting in 270 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) receiving HCQ. We then evaluated for the presence of HCQ retinal toxicity and other baseline risk factors for HCQ toxicity through chart review. Frequency of specific anti-retinal AAbs in patients with HCQ retinal toxicity was compared to those with no retinal toxicity via multivariate logistic regression.

resultsPatients with HCQ retinal toxicity had a higher likelihood of testing positive for anti-arrestin AAbs (60.7% vs 30.6%, P = 0.001) and anti-pyruvate kinase M2 AAbs (46.4% vs 28.1%, P = 0.05). Patients with HCQ eye toxicity also had a higher number of total anti-retinal AAbs (mean 3.0 ± 2.40 vs 2.04 ± 1.7, P = 0.01). In multivariate analysis accounting for risk factors associated for HCQ eye toxicity, the presence of anti-arrestin antibodies was associated with a 3.2-fold increase in the odds of developing HCQ eye toxicity.

conclusionAnti-retinal AAbs were more common in patients with SLE with HCQ retinal toxicity. When controlling for risk factors associated with HCQ toxicity, anti-arrestin AAbs were associated with increased odds for the development of eye toxicity, suggesting a potential role for anti-retinal AAbs as a biomarker of HCQ eye toxicity.

Identifiers

PMID39511790
PMCPMC11694172

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.