Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39511734›Full record

ArticleOtology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology2025

Morphometric Measurements of the Incomplete Partition Type II (IP-II) Cochlea and Implications on Cochlear Implantation.

Adam Y Xiao, Miryam Saad, Rance J T Fujiwara, Emily C Wong, Grant O Korte, Levent Sennaroglu, Ivan A Lopez, Gail Ishiyama, Akira Ishiyama

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In one paragraph

Article in Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Temporal Bone 3D Reconstruction and Analysis of Endolymph Volume in Meniere Disease.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Adam Y XiaoDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Miryam SaadDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Rance J T FujiwaraDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.
Emily C WongDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Grant O KorteDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Levent SennarogluDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Ivan A LopezDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Gail Ishiyama
Akira IshiyamaDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

Funding

Modern Cellular and Molecular Techniques to Study the Human Temporal BoneU24DC020855 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Akira Ishiyama · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
NIDCD NIH HHS U24 DC020855
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

hypothesisThe objective of this study is to obtain comprehensive morphometric measurements of the incomplete partition type II (IP-II) cochlea to provide a better understanding of intracochlear anatomy and important considerations for electrode selection and insertion.

backgroundIP-II is the most common bony inner ear malformation that often requires cochlear implantation. Currently, there is significant controversy on electrode selection due to a lack of research that can provide reliable, high-resolution measurements.

methodsThree-dimensional reconstructions of the cochlea were made from hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from 11 archival human temporal bones from 8 adult IP-II patients (one paired) and 2 fetuses. Detailed measurements of the angular and linear length of the spiral ganglion neurons and cochlear duct at the modiolar and lateral wall of the scala tympani as well as cross-sectional areas and vertical height measurements of the scala tympani at 90-degree intervals were measured.

resultsThe spiral ganglia neurons terminated at 540.5 ± 45.4 degrees, which corresponded to the beginning of the interscalar septal defect. The corresponding Rosenthal's canal length was 12.75 ± 0.82 mm, and the lateral wall length was 23.95 ± 1.04. The average cochlear duct length was 32.44 mm ± 1.58 mm, corresponding to an average angular distance of 951.6 ± 80 degrees. The modiolar height demonstrated less variation within the scala tympani but was significantly smaller at 0 and 90 degrees compared with the normal cochlea. The lateral wall height was also significantly smaller at 0, 180, and 540 degrees. There was a drastic decrease in lateral wall height at 540 degrees to 0.4 mm, which is smaller than the apical dimension of many electrodes.

conclusionThis is the first study to provide detailed morphometric measurements of the IP-II cochlea including spiral ganglion neuron length and scala tympani height. These measurements directly relate to electrode selection for cochlear implantation.

Indexed as

CochleaCochlear ImplantationSpiral GanglionAdultCochlear DuctCochlear ImplantsFemaleHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleScala TympaniTemporal Bone

Identifiers

PMID39511734
PMCPMC11723801

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.