ArticleBMC cancer2024
Distinctive grade based on Ki67 index and immune microenvironment of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors responding to capecitabine plus temozolomide.
Article in BMC cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- TGFBI deficiency facilitates tumor associated macrophages M2 polarization and angiogenesis to promote pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms progression.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Clinical and biological heterogeneity of Grade 2 digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: prognostic significance of the 10% Ki-67 index cutoff and implications for treatment strategies. A longitudinal study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Nomogram for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with microvascular invasion-negative hepatocellular carcinoma: development and validation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundKi67 index changes during the treatment of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) treatment. The study aimed to detect alterations of grade based on Ki67 index and immune microenvironment in PanNET responding to capecitabine/temozolomide (CapTem).
methodRetrospective data of patients with PanNET were collected. In control group, 35 patients underwent surgery immediately after biopsy. In CapTem group, 38 patients received CapTem after biopsy and responded well to treatment (defined as either stable disease or partial response), and subsequently underwent surgery. All patients have pathological Ki67 index at biopsy and after surgery. CD163 + CD68 + CD206 + M2 macrophages, CD68 + CD86 + CD80 + M1 macrophages, CD11b + CD33 + myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells were stained using multiplex immunofluorescence.
resultsIn control group, the paired grade based on Ki67 index directly after surgery showed no upgrade or downgrade compared to biopsy. In patients who responded well to CapTem, the grade based on Ki67 index before and after CapTem was altered. Thirteen patients had upgraded Ki67 index and 11 patients had downgraded. The proportion of stable disease was higher in the upgraded group compared to downgraded group (p = 0.0155). And upgraded group had a significantly shorter mPFS than patients in the downgrade group (8.5 months vs. 20 months, HR 4.834, 95% CI 1.414 to 16.53, p = 0.012). M1 macrophages was significantly lower in the downgraded group than in the Ki67 upgraded group (p < 0.001).
conclusionGrade based on Ki67 index and immune environment change in PanNET patients responding well to CapTem. Patients with downgraded had longer mPFS compared to those with upgraded. It is necessary to reassess the Ki67 index after CapTem treatment, even in patients responding well to CapTem.
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