Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39511361›Full record

ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2025

Estimated human intake of endogenous and exogenous hormones from beef in the United States.

Ruwan Thilakaratne, Rosemary Castorina, Gina Solomon, Mary M Mosburg, Benjamin C Moeller, Josephine F Trott, Tara D Falt, Ariadne Villegas-Gomez, Kevin W Dodd, Catherine Thomsen and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ruwan ThilakaratneDivision of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Rosemary CastorinaCenter for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Gina SolomonDivision of Occupational, Environmental, and Climate Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mary M MosburgKenneth L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Benjamin C MoellerKenneth L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Josephine F TrottDepartment of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.
Tara D FaltDepartment of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.
Ariadne Villegas-GomezTracking California, Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
Kevin W DoddBiometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Catherine ThomsenZero Breast Cancer, San Rafael, CA, USA.
Paul EnglishTracking California, Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
Xiang YangDepartment of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.
Annika KhanCenter for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Asa BradmanDepartment of Public Health, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
Russell C HoveyDepartment of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA. rchovey@ucdavis.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-253X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEndogenous and exogenous hormones may be present in beef. Human consumption of hormones has been linked to adverse health effects.

objectiveTo estimate daily intake of hormonal growth promotants (HGP) from beef consumed by the US population.

methodsWe combined self-reported beef consumption information from a nationally-representative survey with concentrations of 12 HGP measured in 397 samples of retail beef/fat purchased in California. We defined typical, high, and maximum intake scenarios assuming self-reported consumed beef contained the mean, 95

resultsThe highest estimated HQs were found for melengestrol acetate (MGA). For usual daily intake under the typical intake scenario, no HQ exceeded 0.02 (0.00047 µg MGA/kg/day). Under the maximum intake scenario, the highest HQ was 0.29 (0.0087 µg MGA/kg/day), corresponding to the 99 IMPACT: Hormonal growth promotants (HGP) are used to increase beef production and have been linked to adverse reproductive effects. We estimated daily intake of MGA and several other HGP using US nationally-representative beef consumption data collected between 2015-2018 and HGP concentrations in retail beef. Estimated intake was highest for young children, but estimates were generally very low compared to current health-based intake limits. However, these limits are typically based on studies in adult animals, and further study of potential adverse effects during sensitive developmental periods, such as in early life, may be warranted to ensure recommended intake limits are health-protective.

Indexed as

Food ContaminationHormonesRed MeatAdolescentAdultAnimalsCattleChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung AdultHormonesAcceptable daily intakeMelengestrol acetateProgesterone

Identifiers

PMID39511361
PMCPMC12069096

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.